Vegetable Forcing - Containing Information on Greenhouse Construction, Management and Frame Culture , livre ebook

Read Books Ltd. - Ralph L. Watts

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20 pages

English

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This antiquarian volume comprises a detailed guide to vegetable forcing, with information on greenhouse construction, general management, frame culture, and much more besides. Vegetable forcing is the production of vegetables in greenhouses, hotbeds, coldframes, or other structures. Complete with simple instructions and a wealth of information conducive to successful vegetable forcing, this text will be of considerable value to those with an interest in this method of cultivation. Simple and concise, it is also perfect for those with little previous experience. The chapters of this book include: 'Plant Protectors', 'Frame Culture', 'Greenhouse Construction', 'The Size', 'Forms of Greenhouses', 'Walls', 'Roof Construction', 'Glass', 'Glazing and Painting', 'Steam Versus Hotwater Heating', 'Radiation', 'The Work Room', 'Greenhouse Management', 'Manures and Fertilizers', etcetera. We are proud to republish this book, now complete with a new introduction on farming.

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Jardinage

Techniques de jardinage

Potager

Maison

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Publié par	Read Books Ltd.
Date de parution	07 septembre 2016
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781473354418
Langue	English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0350€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Vegetable Forcing
Containing Information on Greenhouse Construction, Management and Frame Culture
By
Ralph L. Watts
Copyright 2013 Read Books Ltd. This book is copyright and may not be reproduced or copied in any way without the express permission of the publisher in writing
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Farming
Agriculture, also called farming or husbandry, is the cultivation of animals, plants, or fungi for fibre, biofuel, drugs and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. It is hence, of extraordinary importance for the development of society, as we know it today. The word agriculture is a late Middle English adaptation of Latin agricult ra , from ager , field , and cult ra , cultivation or growing . The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by vastly different climates, cultures, and technologies. However all farming generally relies on techniques to expand and maintain the lands that are suitable for raising domesticated species. For plants, this usually requires some form of irrigation, although there are methods of dryland farming. Livestock are raised in a combination of grassland-based and landless systems, in an industry that covers almost one-third of the world s ice- and water-free area.
Agricultural practices such as irrigation, crop rotation, fertilizers, pesticides and the domestication of livestock were developed long ago, but have made great progress in the past century. The history of agriculture has played a major role in human history, as agricultural progress has been a crucial factor in worldwide socioeconomic change. Division of labour in agricultural societies made (now) commonplace specializations, rarely seen in hunter-gatherer cultures, which allowed the growth of towns and cities, and the complex societies we call civilizations. When farmers became capable of producing food beyond the needs of their own families, others in their society were freed to devote themselves to projects other than food acquisition. Historians and anthropologists have long argued that the development of agriculture made civilization possible.
In the developed world, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture has become the dominant system of modern farming, although there is growing support for sustainable agriculture, including permaculture and organic agriculture. Until the Industrial Revolution, the vast majority of the human population laboured in agriculture. Pre-industrial agriculture was typically for self-sustenance, in which farmers raised most of their crops for their own consumption, instead of cash crops for trade. A remarkable shift in agricultural practices has occurred over the past two centuries however, in response to new technologies, and the development of world markets. This also has led to technological improvements in agricultural techniques, such as the Haber-Bosch method for synthesizing ammonium nitrate which made the traditional practice of recycling nutrients with crop rotation and animal manure less important.
Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological improvements have sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects. Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production. Genetically Modified Organisms are an increasing component of agriculture today, although they are banned in several countries. Another controversial issue is water management ; an increasingly global issue fostering debate. Significant degradation of land and water resources, including the depletion of aquifers, has been observed in recent decades, and the effects of global warming on agriculture and of agriculture on global warming are still not fully understood.
The agricultural world of today is at a cross roads. Over one third of the worlds workers are employed in agriculture, second only to the services sector, but its future is uncertain. A constantly growing world population is necessitating more and more land being utilised for growth of food stuffs, but also the burgeoning mechanised methods of food cultivation and harvesting means that many farming jobs are becoming redundant. Quite how the sector will respond to these challenges remains to be seen.
Contents
Vegetable Forcing
VEGETABLE FORCING
V EGETABLE forcing is the production of vegetables in greenhouses, hotbeds, coldframes, or other structures. In frame culture in the spring or fall, glass may be used during only a part of the period of growth.
The business of vegetable forcing is highly specialized. The purpose of this discussion is to present briefly the fundamental principles and practices.
Competition is severe and is augmented by the improved methods of packing and transportation which supply fresh vegetables from warmer regions throughout the winter season. Under the conditions few growers consider it profitable to expand their glass beyond the area, needed for plant growing.
Forcing boxes are the simplest means of advancing the growth of crops. In effect they are miniature coldframes which are placed over certain crops, for example hills of melons or cucumbers, immediately after sowing seeds or setting plants. They are especially useful in regions where the transition period from cool to warm weather is long, and where the summers are too short to produce satisfactory crops of warm-season vegetables. They are used to a limited extent also to advance the harvest in warmer regions. A very few growers use forcing boxes extensively. They usually are made as rectangular, bottomless, light wooden boxes to be covered with a single pane of 10x12-inch glass which slides in grooves to permit ventilation. The use of forcing boxes is described on page 454.
Plant protectors. -In a sense, the various more or less transparent plant protectors, in the form of cones or domes of paper or similar material, also may be considered as small forcing structures. Their use is similar to that of forcing boxes, although they are much less expensive and not so laborious to apply. They are not generally used in the East, but a few growers who have become skilled in their management find them profitable with extra early crops, especially cucurbits or tomatoes. As the days become warmer, ventilation is provided by slitting the tops.
Frame culture is practiced by many market gardeners, and is extensively carried on around certain shipping points within the belt of mild winter weather from Norfolk, Virginia, southward along the seaboard.

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Vegetable Forcing - Containing Information on Greenhouse Construction, Management and Frame Culture , livre ebook

Jardinage

Techniques de jardinage

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