Breeding your Budgerigars for Colour - With Tips on Colour Combinations, Hybrids, Mule Breeding and Keeping Records , livre ebook

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66 pages

English

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This antique book contains a detailed and interesting guide to breeding very specific colours into pet budgerigars, as well as containing detailed information on hybrids, mule breeding, and the importance of record keeping. The perfect book for both professional and private breeders, this text is both easy-to-digest and detailed, and constitutes a great addition to any collection of avicultural literature. Chapters contained in this book are: 'The Elements of Colour Production', 'The Colour Varieties and Recommended Pairings', 'Colour Production', 'In-Breeding', 'Hybrids and Mule Breeding', and 'Keeping Records'. This book has been chosen for modern republication because of its timeless educational value, and is proudly republished here complete with a new introduction to the subject of aviculture.

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Birds

Pets

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Publié par	Read Books Ltd.
Date de parution	14 juillet 2020
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781528764216
Langue	English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0350€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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Breeding your Budgerigars for Colour
With Tips on Colour Combinations, Hybrids, Mule Breeding and Keeping Records
Copyright 2011 Read Books Ltd. This book is copyright and may not be reproduced or copied in any way without the express permission of the publisher in writing
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Aviculture
Aviculture is the practice of keeping and breeding birds, as well as the culture that forms around it, and there are various reasons why people get involved in Aviculture. Some people breed birds to preserve a specific species, usually due to habitat destruction, and some people breed birds (especially parrots) as companions, and yet others do this to make a profit. Aviculture encourages conservation, provides education about avian species, provides companion birds for the public, and includes research on avian behaviour. It is thus a highly important and enjoyable past time. There are avicultural societies throughout the world, but generally in Europe, Australia and the United States, where people tend to be more prosperous, having more leisure time to invest. The first avicultural society in Australia was The Avicultural Society of South Australia, founded in 1928. It is now promoted with the name Bird Keeping in Australia. The two major national avicultural societies in the United States are the American Federation of Aviculture and the Avicultural Society of America, founded in 1927. In the UK, the Avicultural Society was formed in 1894 and the Foreign Bird League in 1932. The Budgerigar Society was formed in 1925.
Some of the most popular domestically kept birds are finches and canaries. Finches are actually a broader category, encompassing canaries, and make fantastic domestic birds, capable of living long and healthy lives if given the requisite care. Most species are very easy to breed, and usefully do not grow too large (unlike their larger compatriot the budgerigar), and so do not need a massive living space. Canary (associated with the Serinus canaria ), is a song bird is native to the Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Azores - and has long been kept as a cage bird in Europe, beginning in the 1470s. It now enjoys an international following, and the terms canariculture and canaricultura have been used in French, Spanish and Italian respectively, to describe the keeping and breeding of canaries. It is only gradually however (a testament to its growing popularity) that English breeders are beginning to use such terms. Canaries are now the most popular form of finch kept in Britain and are often found still fulfilling their historic role of protecting underground miners. Canaries like budgies, are seed eaters, which need to dehusk the seed before feeding on the kernel. However, unlike budgerigars, canaries are perchers. The average life span of a canary is five years, although they have been known to live twice as long.
Parakeets or Budgies (a type of parrot) are another incredibly popular breed of domestic bird, and are originally from Australia, first brought to Europe in the 1840s. Whilst they are naturally green with yellow heads and black bars on the wings in the wild, domesticated budgies come in a massive variety of colours. They have the toes and beak typical of parrot like birds, as in nature they are climbers; budgies are hardy seed eaters and their strong beak is utilised for dehusking seeds as well as a climbing aid. When kept indoors however, it is important to supplement their diet of seeds with fresh fruit and vegetables, which would be found in the wild. Budgies are social birds, so it is most important to make sure they have company, preferably of their own kind. They do enjoy human companionship though, and may be persuaded, if gently stroked on the chest feathers to perch on one s finger. If not kept in an aviary, they need a daily period of free flight, but great care must be taken not to let them escape.
Last, but most definitely not least, perhaps the most popular breed of domestic bird, is the companion parrot - a general term used for any parrot kept as a pet that interacts with its human counterpart. Generally, most species of parrot can make good companions. Common domestic parrots include large birds such as Amazons, African Greys, Cockatoos, Eclectus, Hawk-headed Parrots and Macaws; mid-sized birds such as Caiques, Conures, Quakers, Pionus, Poicephalus, Rose-Ringed parakeets and Rosellas, and many of the smaller types including Budgies, Cockatiels, Parakeets, lovebirds, Parrotlets and Lineolated Parakeets. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (also known as CITES) has made the trapping and trade of all wild parrots illegal, because taking parrots from the wild has endangered or reduced some of the rarer or more valuable species. However, many parrot species are still common; and some abundant parrot species may still be legally killed as crop pests in their native countries. Endangered parrot species are better suited to conservation breeding programs than as companions.
Parrots can be very rewarding pets to the right owners, due to their intelligence and desire to interact with people. Many parrots are very affectionate, even cuddly with trusted people, and require a lot of attention from their owners. Some species have a tendency to bond to one or two people, and dislike strangers, unless they are regularly and consistently handled by different people. Properly socialized parrots can be friendly, outgoing and confident companions. Most pet parrots take readily to trick training as well, which can help deflect their energy and correct many behavioural problems. Some owners successfully use well behaved parrots as therapy animals. In fact, many have even trained their parrots to wear parrot harnesses (most easily accomplished with young birds) so that they can be taken to enjoy themselves outdoors in a relatively safe manner without the risk of flying away. Parrots are prey animals and even the tamest pet may fly off if spooked. Given the right care and attention, keeping birds is usually problem free. It is hoped that the reader enjoys this book.
Contents
The Elements of Colour Production
The Colour Varieties and Recommended Pairings
Colour Production
In-Breeding
Hybrids and Mule Breeding
Keeping Records
THE ELEMENTS OF COLOUR PRODUCTION
Normal Inheritance, Sex-linkage
THE beginner will naturally desire to know how to produce certain colours and will also demand some explanation of why certain colours appear when a particular pair is mated, but to delve deeply into these questions would occupy another volume. Moreover, the subject has already been admirably dealt with by Professor F. A. E. Crew and Rowena Lamy in their publication The Genetics of the Budgerigar, in which is set out in detail the whys and the wherefores of this most interesting branch of Budgerigar culture.
Genetics are, to a great mass of Budgerigar Fanciers, difficult to follow and the object of this chapter is, therefore, to set out as simply as possible the main points to be remembered in colour production, without enquiring too deeply into the reason for them and without more than lightly touching the very fringe of genetics.
Budgerigars adhere very closely to the accepted principles of inheritance (Mendelism), and the expectations from nearly 2,000 different matings have been worked out and compiled by Messrs. F. S. Elliott and E. W. Brooks in their book Budgerigar Matings Colour Expectations. Therefore, in practice, a copy of this useful publication will enable the breeder to know exactly what colour young he can expect from any pair, provided the make-up of the parents is known. However, most breeders like to work these out for themselves and it can quite easily be done providing the basic principles are grasped.
Normal inheritance. First, it must be understood that certain colours are dominant to others, the latter being termed recessive, and by this is meant that a pure dominant colour mated to a recessive colour results in youngsters exhibiting the dominant colour. These youngsters are, however, capable of producing birds of the recessive colour (and of the dominant colour) when they themselves are mated together.
Youngsters, the product of a dominant recessive are referred to as dominant split recessive and the symbol used to denote the term split is an oblique stroke thus:- / between the dominant colour and the recessive. Broadly speaking, whatever colour appears after the split sign indicates that the bird had one parent of that colour.
To take an example: the Green series, Light, Dark and Olive Green are dominant to any other colour with the exception of Australian Grey, with which we need not deal at this stage. The mating of a pure Light Green to a Sky Blue (it does not matter which is the cock or which is the hen) produces all Light Green young, but these will be Light Green split Blue or as written Light Green/Blue and if these youngsters are mated together, they will produce Light Greens, Light Greens/Blue and Sky Blues, but the pure Light Greens will be indistinguishable from the Light Greens/Blue and can only be proved by mating; therefore it will easily be seen that it is inadvisable to mate such split birds together.
At this stage it is as well to point out that Mendelism has proved that all matings can be worked out showing the percentage of each colour which may be expected from any particular pair, but as this only applies over a number of nests and as every egg is not always a chick, this may, to a certain extent, be disregarded.
We next come to the point that there are three shades of Green in Budgerigars, light, medium and dark, or, as they are termed, Light Green, Dark Green