A Practical Guide for the Keeping and Management of Finches - Tips and Helpful Hints for the Breeding, Feeding and Training of These Beautiful Birds , livre ebook

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36 pages

English

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This antiquarian book contains a practical guide to keeping and caring for finches, being a handy collection of tips and helpful hints for the breeding, feeding, and training of these beautiful birds. This volume contains a wealth of information on all types of common finch, and is highly recommended for readers with a practical interest in these animals. The chapters of this book include: “Finches”, “Bullfinch”, “The Goldfinch”, “Chaffinch”, “The Mountain Finch or Brambling”, “The Linnet”, “The Mealy Linnet”, “The House Sparrow”, “The Tree Sparrow”, “The Yellow Hammer or Bunting”, “The Hawfinch”, etcetera. We are republishing this book now in an affordable, modern, high quality edition - complete with a specially commissioned new introduction on aviculture.

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Birds

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Publié par	Read Books Ltd.
Date de parution	21 décembre 2012
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781447481607
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

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A Practical Guide for the Keeping and Management of Finches
Tips and Helpful Hints for the Breeding, Feeding and Training of these Beautiful Birds
By
C. E. Dyson
Copyright 2011 Read Books Ltd. This book is copyright and may not be reproduced or copied in any way without the express permission of the publisher in writing
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
CONTENTS
Finches.
FINCHES.
Hitherto I have written of soft-billed birds, feeding on insects; I come now to those which have hard bills, the seed-eaters, which are much more adapted to a cage life. The Larks appear to hold a middle rank between the two kinds, as they eat seeds as well as insects; but they are often classed amongst the great tribe of Fringillid , perhaps because their beaks are not toothed like those of the soft-billed birds; yet they require soft food, like the Nightingale and other warblers.
The extensive family of Finches comprehends Grosbeaks, Buntings, Weaver-birds, Tanagers, and Finches proper, and most of the little foreign seed-eating birds.
The first of which I shall treat is the Canary, the cage bird par excellence , a thoroughly domesticated bird, perfectly happy in confinement, and breeding and rearing its young both in the cage and aviary without difficulty.
The C ANARY ( Fringilla Canaria ).-The green bird of Teneriffe and the Canary Isles has become greatly altered in plumage and song by a long course of cross breeding; but the original colour still appears in many of the birds bred in England, and these are generally the strongest birds.
The principal breeds are distinguished as Norwich, Yorkshire, Belgian, Lizard, Cinnamon, Scotch Fancy, London Fancy, and Manchester or Lancashire Coppy. Canary societies and exhibitions are consequences of and incitements to the popularity of these birds. Prizes are given for evenly marked and unevenly marked birds: the former have two, four, or six regular markings,-on eyes, wings, and tail; the latter have the same markings, but only on one eye and one wing, or both eyes and one wing, and so on (birds irregularly mottled or blotched on the body are called variegated ). There are prizes also for clear orange yellow birds, distinguished as Jonques, and creamy yellow or Buff birds, depending on depth of colour, quality of plumage, elegance of shape, etc. The crested varieties are valued for shape and fulness of crest; it ought to be flat in the crown, full, and regular, and coming well over the beak and eyes of the bird. The most admired are the dark crests; those which are grey or yellow are not so pretty. The Norwich Canaries are perhaps the most general favourites; they are rather large, square birds, with massive heads, and renowned for their beauty of plumage and song. The York shire birds are still larger, and longer in shape. The Coppies are very large stout birds, with clear crests or coppies. The London Fancy birds have degenerated so much of late years, from repeatedly breeding from the same stock, that they are now very small and weakly. The perfect birds should be of a deep golden colour throughout, excepting the wings and tail, which should be black; but they only keep the perfect plumage for one year, losing the black feathers of the wings and tail more and more in each successive moulting. The like degeneration of plumage occurs with the Lizard Canaries; very beautiful birds of a deep golden bronze green, the feathers spangled with yellow or white throughout, excepting the crown of the head, which is deep yellow in the birds known as Golden-spangled and white in the Silver-spangled Lizards. The Cinnamon Canaries are so called from their resemblance in colour to the cinnamon bark, but of late years the colouring has become much richer, and the Jonque birds (for there are Jonque and Buff Cinnamons are of a rich golden brown, still with the cinnamon tinge. They resemble the Norwich birds in shape.
The Belgian Canaries, at first imported from Belgium, are now extensively bred in England; they are very long, slender birds, standing very high on their long legs, with such extremely high shoulders as to look quite humpbacked. Those which are considered the most perfect seem to me deformed; I do not admire them at all, and they are very delicate birds. The Scotch Fancy or Glasgow Dons are still more extraordinarily shaped; the body quite describes a curve, from the crown of the head to the tip of the tail. The greatest possible contrast to these is presented by the little German Canaries, insignificant-looking birds, with no beauty of plumage, but famed for their excellence of song. Many thousands are exported from the Hartz Mountains yearly, and sent to all parts of Europe, America, etc. They are generally short, plump birds, with very well-developed throats. Many are sold under the name which do not deserve it, but the true German Canary has a very soft, sweet song, full of beautiful trills and shakes, and flute-like and bell-like notes, not so ear-piercing as the ordinary Canary s song: he will sing all day long and by candlelight, and under most adverse circumstances, and is generally very sensible, affectionate, and easily tamed.
I have kept Canaries for many years, and I find that they will live very happily together, males and females, all through the autumn and winter, in a cage from three to four feet long, and two feet high and wide; placed on a stand surrounded by plants in pots, at a south window on a landing-place, without any apparatus for warming it. If covered up very warmly at night during the cold weather, they never appear to suffer at all from the cold. On sunny days the window may be opened, if care be taken to prevent them from being exposed to a cold wind or draughts, always most injurious to birds. Canaries are sufficiently hardy to live out of doors in warm parts of England: at Osborne in the Isle of Wight, and in Mr. Wollaston s shrubberries at Welling in Kent, they have been, I believe, naturalized for some years; but birds born in the house would, I think, suffer from cold, if no provision were made for sheltering them during the frost and snow of winter. This I believe Mr. Wollaston supplied them with, keeping a cage in a greenhouse, with an opening of the same kind as the entrance to a bee-hive, but larger, for the birds to resort to in case of inclement weather. It is well, of course, to make Canaries hardy, and they will live in an outdoor aviary if care be taken to protect them from cold during the winter nights; but I have been told that they rarely sing as constantly as the birds in the house, and on cold sunless days will often look moped and ruffled, and appear to feel the cold intensely. They are generally much less tame than the house birds, too, and therefore no object seems to be gained by placing them out of doors, unless they are allowed to range the garden and shrubbery at pleasure, and means are taken to protect them from all invading foes, so that they may be able to build and rear their young in safety. My birds, having never known liberty, are perfectly happy in their large winter cage, and welcome their visitors gladly, instead of fluttering about in alarm when any one goes near them. Such ,a cage as this should be open on all sides, domed or waggon-shaped, and wired with tin wire, unless made of lacquered brass, which must be freshly lacquered once in two years. This is handsomer in appearance and lasts longer: the tin wire will always become blackened by time, but the rust on it is not unwholesome, whereas the green rust on common brass wire, when corroded, is poisonous to the birds. The wood should be either mahogany or varnished deal; the former is the best-less liable to warp and less likely to contain insects than the latter. The seed should either be put into bird-hoppers or in long covered boxes outside of the cage, with china or glass pans to take in and out of them. The hoppers keep the seed clean, and the birds peck it down, and scatter away the husks. The water should either be placed in glass fountains, the mouth of which goes into the cage for the birds to drink from, or in similar pans in boxes to those of the seed-boxes. The object is to keep both seed and water from becoming dirty and from being scattered and splashed about: some birds waste their seed a good deal, and if a great quantity is pecked out of the hopper, it is well to examine it carefully, lest it should be bad, musty, or tainted by mice, and thus distasteful to the birds. The old-fashioned bird-glasses are objectionable, not only because they sometimes slip on one side, so that the bird cannot reach the hole, for this exhibits an amount of carelessness as to the comfort of our little prisoners which is not to be tolerated, but because, if very full, the seed and water fall into the cage, and if not filled up well, or if the water is sprinkled about by the birds, they are often obliged to stretch their little necks painfully to reach their food. Sometimes, too, the young birds contrive to get into the glass, and are in danger of suffocation or drowning, as they cannot turn round to come out again. A fountain in the middle of the cage looks exceedingly pretty, when it is large enough to admit one; and the self-supplying fountain formed of a glass globe, with a long neck inverted in a green china stand, with openings for the birds to drink from, answers well, as it keeps the water clean and always at the proper level. A bath, wired round like the cage, should be fastened on the doorway, and in this the birds should have a bath every morning, unless on a very cold sunless day. When they have all washed, however, it should be removed, as some birds are so fond of washing, that they will go in and out of the bath again and again, till they become completely chilled.
In winter, the water in which they bathe must never be quite cold. It is well to have a second board and