This volume approaches the fascinating figure of Iolo Morganwg – stonemason, poet and literary forger – from three distinct but interrelated angles. They all take as their starting point Iolo Morganwg’s ‘marginality’ within mainstream literary society both in London and in Wales and demonstrate the strategies that he used to overcome the frustrations of his situation. Iolo’s notoriety as a literary forger provides the context for the first discussion in the volume, which considers his efforts to pass on his own work as that of famous Welsh writers of the past. This chapter looks at how important the editorial apparatus with which Iolo surrounded his forgeries was to his attempt to ensure their satisfactory reception. Secondly, two collections of printed books owned by Iolo and containing marginal commentary in his hand are explored. The discussion here demonstrates Iolo’s keen interest in the forging of a path for the Welsh language within the developing public domain of the regional eisteddfodau and also his complex personal relations with some of the more successful authors of his day. Iolo’s vulnerability and marginality within the context of a Welsh public sphere are both brought to the fore in this chapter. Finally, the volume turns to the marginalia left by Iolo on letters within his collection of correspondence, showing his extraordinary creativity and bringing to attention for the first time some of his unpublished work in the fields of Welsh and English poetry and on matters relating to the Welsh language.
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Extrait
‘The Bard is a Very Singular Character’
Iolo Morganwg, Marginalia and Print Culture
FIon Mair Jones
University of Wales Press
IOLO MORGANWG AND THE ROMANTIC TRADITION IN WALES
General Editor: Geraint H. Jenkins
The memorial plaque to Iolo Morganwg and his son Taliesin in Flemingston Church
‘The Bard is a Very Singular Character’ Iolo Morganwg, Marginalia and Print Culture
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording or otherwise, without clearance from the University of Wales Press, 10 Columbus Walk, Brigantine Place, Cardiff, CF10 4UP.
www.uwp.co.uk
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-0-7083-2195-9 e-ISBN 978-0-7083-2296-3
The right of Ffion Mair Jones to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 79 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Printed in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham,Wiltshire.
I Heledd Haf
‘The Bard is a very singular Character’
John Walters to Owain Myfyr, 29 January 1779 (BL Add. 15024, pp. 185–6)
IOLO MORGANWG AND THE ROMANTIC TRADITION IN WALES
Other volumes already published in the series:
A Rattleskull Genius:The Many Faces of Iolo Morganwg, edited by Geraint H. Jenkins (University of Wales Press, 2005; paperback edn., 2009)
The Truth against the World: Iolo Morganwg and Romantic Forgery, by Mary-Ann Constantine (University of Wales Press, 2007)
Bardic Circles: National, Regional and Personal Identity in the Bardic Vision of Iolo Morganwg, by Cathryn A. Charnell-White (University of Wales Press, 2007)
The Correspondence of Iolo Morganwg, edited by Geraint H. Jenkins, Ffion Mair Jones and David Ceri Jones (3 volumes, University of Wales Press, 2007)
The Literary and Historical Legacy of Iolo Morganwg 1826–1926Marion Löffler, by (University of Wales Press, 2007)
List of Figures Preface Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations
1.
2.
3.
4.
Introduction
Contents
‘Ai ovn oedd?’ (Was it fear?): Iolo Morganwg as editor
‘Ddoe, heddyw, ag yn dragywydd’ (Yesterday, today, and everlastingly): Iolo Morganwg as reader
‘Aneirif bapirau didrefn’ (Countless disorderly papers): Iolo Morganwg the writer
Editorial Methods
Appendices
I. Thomas Llewelyn,Historical and Critical Remarks on the BritishTongue
II. Iolo Morganwg’s books
III. Taliesin ab Iolo’s books
IV. Language Dialect Idioms and proverbs Grammar and morphology Vocabulary Terminology
V. Literature English poetry
ix x xiii xiv
1
11
75
153
217
221
237
241
243 243 253 260 268 275
281 281
viii
CONTENTS
Translations into English Welsh strict-metre poetry Welsh free-metre poetry Anecdotes Welsh hymns Hymns – introductory material
VI. Miscellaneous Agriculture Archaeology Architecture Geology History Horticulture Names and family history Politics Religion Topography