In recent years, a number of books in the field of literacy research have addressed the experiences of literacy users or the multiple processes of learning literacy skills in a rapidly changing technological environment. In contrast to these studies, this book addresses the subjects of literacy. In other words, it is about how literacy workers are subjected to the relations between new forms of labor and the concept of human capital as a dominant economic structure in the United States. It is about how literacies become forms of value producing labor in everyday life both within and beyond the workplace itself.As Evan Watkins shows, apprehending the meaning of literacy work requires an understanding of how literacies have changed in relation to not only technology but also to labor, capital, and economics. The emergence of new literacies has produced considerable debate over basic definitions as well as the complexities of gain and loss. At the same time, the visibility of these debates between advocates of old versus new literacies has obscured the development of more fundamental changes. Most significantly, Watkins argues, it is no longer possible to represent human capital solely as the kind of long-term resource that Gary Becker and other neoclassical economists have defined. Like corporate inventory and business management practices, human capital-labor-now also appears in a "just-in-time" form, as if a power of action on the occasion rather than a capital asset in reserve.Just-in-time human capital valorizes the expansion of choice, but it depends absolutely on the invisible literacy work consigned to the peripheries of concentrated human capital. In an economy wherein peoples' attention begins to eclipse information as a primary commodity, a small number of choices appear with an immensely magnified intensity while most others disappear entirely. As Literacy Work in the Reign of Human Capital deftly illustrates, the concentration of human labor in the digital age reinforces and extends a class division of winners on the inside of technological innovation and losers everywhere else.
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Printed in te United States of America First edition
for Diane
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Contents
. . . .
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Literacy and Human Capital Capitalizing on Autonomy Arrivals and Departures: Just in te Nick of Time Star Power Capital Divisions and Literacy Work
Works Cited Index
ix
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Acknowledgments
I ave mined David Ruccio’s expertise about all tings economic tat appear in tis book, from Adam Smit and Marx to Oliver Williamson, and I ave benefited over and over from is gener-ous willingness to sare tat expertise. I want to tank Ann Miller for a superb job of copy editing, making far more of te manuscript intelligible tan I would ave tougt possible. I am fortunate to write surrounded by family support. I rely more tan anyting on my wife, Diane Logan Watkins, and my son and daugter-in-law, Cristoper Watkins and Amy Mari-nelli. Cris’s wide-ranging knowledge of digital literacies, lit-eracy uses, and business practices tat involve multiple literacies as been especially invaluable for tis book. And my wondrous and magical grandcild, Clara Bay, limns te literacies to come. I was blessed to work wit Helen Tartar for more tan tirty-five years and now five books. Everyting seemed to be-long witin er vast orbit of passionate intelligence, and like everyone se knew, I’ll miss er so muc.