Patrick Brantlinger here examines the commonly held nineteenth-century view that all "primitive" or "savage" races around the world were doomed sooner or later to extinction. Warlike propensities and presumed cannibalism were regarded as simultaneously noble and suicidal, accelerants of the downfall of other races after contact with white civilization. Brantlinger finds at the heart of this belief the stereotype of the self-exterminating savage, or the view that "savagery" is a sufficient explanation for the ultimate disappearance of "savages" from the grand theater of world history.Humanitarians, according to Brantlinger, saw the problem in the same terms of inevitability (or doom) as did scientists such as Charles Darwin and Thomas Henry Huxley as well as propagandists for empire such as Charles Wentworth Dilke and James Anthony Froude. Brantlinger analyzes the Irish Famine in the context of ideas and theories about primitive races in North America, Australia, New Zealand, and elsewhere. He shows that by the end of the nineteenth century, especially through the influence of the eugenics movement, extinction discourse was ironically applied to "the great white race" in various apocalyptic formulations. With the rise of fascism and Nazism, and with the gradual renewal of aboriginal populations in some parts of the world, by the 1930s the stereotypic idea of "fatal impact" began to unravel, as did also various more general forms of race-based thinking and of social Darwinism.
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Extrait
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Dark Vanishings
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TOLERoY AND JAYA
WhEn hEy diEd, hErE hE roàd EndEd. Éàvàn Bolànd, hà hE SciEncE oF Càrogràphy ïs iIEd"
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Contents
Açknowledgmens
Inroduçion: Aboriginàl Màers Pre-Dàrwiniàn Theories on he Exinçion of Primiive Ràçes Vànishing ameriçàns Humàniàriàn Càuses: AnîsLàvery àn Sàving Aboriginàls The Irish Fàmine The Dusk of he Dreàmime Islànds of Deà àd e Devil Dàrwin ànd Ater conçlusion: W hie Twiighs
Noes Works cied Index
iX
1
17 4 5
68 94 117 141 164 189
201 223 243
AckowLedgmets
OvEr thE tEN or twElvE yEars It has takEN mE to rEsEarch aNd wrItE varIoUs parts of thIs book, morE stUdENts aNd collEagUEs havE hElpEd IN oNE way or aNothEr thaN ï caN rEmEmbEr So thIs lIst Is sElEctIvE AmoNg thosE a ïNdIaNa ùNIvErsIty ï am EspEcIally gratEfUl to Bob ArNovE, odd AvEry, PUrNIma BosE, ÉllEN BraNtlINgEr, Éva ChErNI avsky, JohN ÉakIN, JoNathaN ÉlmEr, om ostEr, Ichard HIggINs, E NataKôÈŚMllÈ Tôdd kuchà Ādé Ly ChŚ Lôhà Joss arsh, Sara aUrEr, ANdrEw IllEr, Brook IllEr, JIm arE morE, SylvIa PamboUkIaN, JaNEt SorENsEN, StEvE Watt, aNd PErry WIllEtt JaN EdErvEEN PIEtErsE INvItEd mE to partIcIpatE IN hIs Ecolo NIzatIoN of thE ïmagINatIoN" coNfErENcE IN AmErstErdam IN 199, whErE ï gavE aN accoUNt of thE îrst aNd last" asmaNIaNs; a vErsIoN of thIs latEr rEappEarEd IN hIs aNd BhIkhU ParEkh's collEctIoNThe De colonization of Imagination Culture Knowledge and PoweraNd ï am gratEfUl to both of thEm ï gavE a vErsIoN of my aNalysIs of JamEs ENImorE CooEr's sENtImENtal racIsm" at thE ùNIvErsIty of oN taNa IN 993, aNd ï havE JohN GlENdENINg to thaNk for INvItINg mE to do so; ï prEsENtEd aNothEr vErsIoN at thE ùN)îxINg EprEsENtatIoN" coNfErENcE at thE ùNIvErsIty of orth CarolINa IN 994, aNd latEr thIs appEarEd IN a spEcIal IssUE ofCultural Studies998), gUEst-EdItEd by JUdIth arqUhar, omoko asUzawa, aNd Carol avor, whom ï also