Travels in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and Fragmenta regalia; or, Observations on Queen Elizabeth, her times and favourites , livre ebook

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pubOne.info present you this new edition. Queen Elizabeth herself, and London as it was in her time, with sketches of Elizabethan England, and of its great men in the way of social dignity, are here brought home to us by Paul Hentzner and Sir Robert Naunton.

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Publié par	Pub One Info
Date de parution	06 novembre 2010
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9782819936268
Langue	English

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TRAVELS IN ENGLAND AND FRAGMENTA REGALIA
INTRODUCTION
Queen Elizabeth herself, and London as it was in hertime, with sketches of Elizabethan England, and of its great men inthe way of social dignity, are here brought home to us by PaulHentzner and Sir Robert Naunton.
Paul Hentzner was a German lawyer, born at Crossen,in Brandenburg, on the 29th of January, 1558. He died on the 1stJanuary, 1623. In 1596, when his age was thirty-eight, he becametutor to a young Silesian nobleman, with whom he set out in 1597 ona three years' tour through Switzerland, France, England, andItaly. After his return to Germany in 1600, he published, atNuremberg, in 1612, a description of what he had seen and thoughtworth record, written in Latin, as “Itinerarium Germaniae, Galliae,Angliae, Italiae, cum Indice Locorum, Rerum atque Verborum. ”
Horace Walpole caused that part of Hentzner'sItinerary which tells what he saw in England to be translated byRichard Bentley, son of the famous scholar, and he printed atStrawberry Hill two hundred and twenty copies. In 1797 “Hentzner'sTravels in England” were edited, together with Sir Robert Naunton's“Fragmenta Regalia, ” in the volume from which they are herereprinted, with notes by the translator and the editor.
Sir Robert Naunton was of an old family with largeestates, settled at Alderton, in Suffolk. He was at Cambridge inthe latter years of Elizabeth's reign, having entered as FellowCommoner at Trinity College, and obtained a Fellowship at TrinityHall. Naunton went to Scotland in 1589 with an uncle, WilliamAshby, whom Queen Elizabeth sent thither as Ambassador, and wasdespatched to Elizabeth's court from Scotland as a trustymessenger. In 1596-7 he was in France, and corresponded with theEarl of Essex, who was his friend. After the fall of Essex hereturned to Cambridge, and was made Proctor of the University in1601, three years after Paul Hentzner's visit to England. Then hebecame Public Orator at Cambridge, and by a speech made to KingJames at Hinchinbrook won his Majesty's praise for Latin andlearning. He came to court in the service of Sir James Overbury,obtained the active friendship of George Villiers Duke ofBuckingham, and was sworn as Secretary of State on the 8th January,1617. The king afterwards gave Naunton the office of Master of theCourt of Wards and Liveries.
Sir Robert Naunton wrote his recollections of themen who served Queen Elizabeth when he was near the close of hisown life. It was after 1628, because he speaks of Edward Somerset,Earl of Worcester, as dead, and before 1632, because he speaks ofSir William Knollys living as the only Earl of Banbury. He wascreated Earl of Banbury in 1626, and died in 1632. The “FragmentaRegalia” were first published in 1641, after Sir Robert's death.They were reprinted in 1642 and 1653, since which date they haveappeared in various collections. There was a good edition of themin 1870 among the very valuable “English Reprints” for which we areindebted to Professor Edward Arber.
H.M.
TRAVELS IN ENGLAND
We arrived at Rye, a small English seaport. Here, assoon as we came on shore, we gave in our names to the notary of theplace, but not till he had demanded our business; and beinganswered, that we had none but to see England, we were conducted toan inn, where we were very well entertained; as one generally is inthis country.
We took post-horses for London: it is surprising howswiftly they run; their bridles are very light, and their saddleslittle more than a span over.
Flimwell, a village: here we returned our firsthorses, and mounted fresh ones.
We passed through Tunbridge, another village.
Chepstead, another village: here, for the secondtime, we changed horses.
London, the head and metropolis of England: calledby Tacitus, Londinium; by Ptolemy, Logidinium; by AmmianusMarcellinus, Lundinium; by foreigners, Londra, and Londres; it isthe seat of the British Empire, and the chamber of the Englishkings. This most ancient city is the the county of Middlesex, thefruitfullest and wholesomest soil in England. It is built on theriver Thames, sixty miles from the sea, and was originally founded,as all historians agree, by Brutus, who, coming from Greece intoItaly, thence into Africa, next into France, and last into Britain,chose this situation for the convenience of the river, calling itTroja Nova, which name was afterwards corrupted into Trinovant. Butwhen Lud, the brother of Cassibilan, or Cassivelan, who warredagainst Julius Caesar, as he himself mentions (lib. v. de Bell.Gall. ), came to the crown, he encompassed it with very strongwalls, and towers very artfully constructed, and from his own namecalled it Caier Lud, I. E. , Lud's City. This name was corruptedinto that of Caerlunda, and again in time, by change of language,into Londres. Lud, when he died, was buried in this town, near thatgate which is yet called in Welsh, Por Lud— in Saxon,Ludesgate.
The famous river Thames owes part of its stream, aswell as its appellation, to the Isis; rising a little aboveWinchelcomb, and being increased with several rivulets, unites bothits waters and its name to the Thame, on the other side of Oxford;thence, after passing by London, and being of the utmost utility,from its greatness and navigation, it opens into a vast arm of thesea, from whence the tide, according to Gemma Frisius, flows andebbs to the distance of eighty miles, twice in twenty-five hours,and, according to Polydore Vergil, above sixty miles twice intwenty-four hours.
This city being very large of itself, has veryextensive suburbs, and a fort called the Tower, of beautifulstructure. It is magnificently ornamented with public buildings andchurches, of which there are above one hundred and twentyparochial.
On the south is a bridge of stone eight hundred feetin length, of wonderful work; it is supported upon twenty piers ofsquare stone, sixty feet high and thirty broad, joined by arches ofabout twenty feet diameter. The whole is covered on each side withhouses so disposed as to have the appearance of a continued street,not at all of a bridge.
Upon this is built a tower, on whose top the headsof such as have been executed for high treason are placed on ironspikes: we counted above thirty.
Paulus Jovius, in his description of the mostremarkable towns in England, says all are obscured by London:which, in the opinion of many, is Caesar's city of the Trinobantes,the capital of all Britain, famous for the commerce of manynations; its houses are elegantly built, its churches fine, itstowns strong, and its riches and abundance surprising. The wealthof the world is wafted to it by the Thames, swelled by the tide,and navigable to merchant ships through a safe and deep channel forsixty miles, from its mouth to the city: its banks are everywherebeautified with fine country seats, woods, and farms; below is theroyal palace of Greenwich; above, that of Richmond; and betweenboth, on the west of London, rise the noble buildings ofWestminster, most remarkable for the courts of justice, theparliament, and St. Peter's church, enriched with the royal tombs.At the distance of twenty miles from London is the castle ofWindsor, a most delightful retreat of the Kings of England, as wellas famous for several of their tombs, and for the ceremonial of theOrder of the Garter. This river abounds in swans, swimming inflocks: the sight of them, and their noise, are vastly agreeable tothe fleets that meet them in their course. It is joined to the cityby a bridge of stone, wonderfully built; is never increased by anyrains, rising only with the tide, and is everywhere spread withnets for taking salmon and shad. Thus far Paulus Jovius.
Polydore Vergil affirms that London has continued tobe a royal city, and the capital of the kingdom, crowded with itsown inhabitants and foreigners, abounding in riches, and famous forits great trade, from the time of King Archeninus, or Erchenvinus.Here the kings are crowned, and solemnly inaugurated, and thecouncil of the nation, or parliament, is held. The government ofthe city is lodged, by ancient grant of the Kings of Britain, intwenty-four aldermen— that is, seniors: these annually elect out oftheir own body a mayor and two sheriffs, who determine causesaccording to municipal laws. It has always had, as indeed Britainin general has, a great number of men of learning, muchdistinguished for their writings.
The walls are pierced with six gates, which, as theywere rebuilt, acquired new names. Two look westward:
1. Ludgate, the oldest, so called from King Lud,whose name is yet to be seen, cut in the stone over the arch on theside; though others imagine it rather to have been named Fludgate,from a stream over which it stands, like the Porta Fluentana atRome. It has been lately repaired by Queen Elizabeth, whose statueis placed on the opposite side. And,
2. Newgate, the best edifice of any; so called frombeing new built, whereas before it was named Chamberlain gate. Itis the public prison.
On the north are four:
1. Aldersgate, as some think from alder trees; asothers, from Aldericius, a Saxon.
2. Cripplegate, from a hospital for the lame.
3. Moorgate, from a neighbouring morass, nowconverted into a field, first opened by Francetius {1} the mayor,A. D. 1414.
4. And Bishopsgate, from some bishop: this theGerman merchants of the Hans society were obliged by compact tokeep in repair, and in times of danger to defend. They were inpossession of a key to open or shut it, so that upon occasion theycould come in, or go out, by night or by day.
There is only one to the east:
Aldgate, that is, Oldgate, from its antiquity;though others think it to have been named Elbegate.
Several people believe that there were formerly twogates (besides that to the bridge) towards the Thames.
1. Billingsgate, now a cothon, or artificial port,for the reception of ships.
2. Dourgate, VULGO Dowgate, I. E. , Water-gate.
The cathedral of St. Paul was founded by Ethelbert,K