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Nomad Press - Kris Bordessa

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161 pages

English

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Description

Tools of the Ancient Greeks: A Kid's Guide to the History and Science of Life in Ancient Greece explores the scientific discoveries, athletic innovations, engineering marvels, and innovative ideas created more than two thousand years ago. Through biographical sidebars, interesting facts, fascinating anecdotes, and fifteen hands-on activities, readers will learn how Greek innovations and ideas have shaped world history and our own world view.

Sujets

Ancient World

Ancient Greece

Ancient history

Europe

Informations

Publié par	Nomad Press
Date de parution	15 juillet 2006
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9780978503710
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	17 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0650€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Tools of the Ancient Greeks A฀฀Kid’s฀฀Guide฀฀to฀฀the฀฀History฀฀&฀฀Science฀฀of฀฀Life฀฀in฀฀Ancient฀฀Greece

Meet the฀people฀ whose฀ideas changed฀฀ the฀world

Build inventions,฀฀ monuments,฀฀ and฀works฀of฀art 15 ฀Hands-On฀ Activities฀

learn how฀the฀discoveries of฀ancient฀Greece฀ affect฀us฀today

explore the฀history฀of฀ Greek฀civilization฀ with฀hands-on฀ activities

Kris฀Bordessa

TOOLSOFTHE ANCIENT GREEKS A฀Kid’s฀Guide฀to฀the฀฀yrotsiHienc&฀Sce฀of฀A฀cn฀eniG฀ereitneecLif

Meet the฀people฀whose฀ ideas฀changed฀the฀ world

Build inventions,฀ monuments,฀ and฀works฀of฀art 15 Hands-On Activities

Learn how฀the฀discoveries฀ of฀ancient฀Greece฀฀ affect฀us฀today

Kris฀Bordessa

Explore฀ the฀history฀of฀Greek฀ civilization฀with฀ hands-on฀activities

Other titles in theTools of Discoveryseries:

Tools of Navigation:A Kid’s Guide to the History and Science of Finding Your Wayby Rachel Dickinson Tools of Timekeeping:A Kid’s Guide to the History and Science of Telling Timeby Linda Formichelli and W. Eric Martin Tools of the Ancient Romans:A Kid’s Guide to the History and Science of Life in Ancient Romeby Rachel Dickinson Tools of Native Americans:A Kid’s Guide to the History and Culture of the First Americansby Kim Kavin

Nomad Press A division of Nomad Communications 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Copyright © 2006 by Nomad Press All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review. The trademark “Nomad Press” and the Nomad Press logo are trademarks of Nomad Communications, Inc. Printed in the United States. ISBN:0-9785037-1-6 Questions regarding the ordering of this book should be addressed to Independent Publishers Group 814 N. Franklin St. Chicago, IL 60610 www.ipgbook.com

Nomad Press 2456 Christian St. White River Junction, VT 05001 www.nomadpress.net

Contents

Introduction.......................................................................... 1

Chapter 1:3Ancient Greece and the Beginnings of Democracy ...

Chapter 2:Farming, Trade, and the Greek Way of Life ............ 19

Chapter 3:The Arts of the Ancient Greeks.............................. 37

Chapter 4:......................................................... 55Greek Gods

Chapter 5:...................................... 69Sports and the Olympics

Chapter 6:Philosophy .......................................................... 79

Chapter 7:Architecture ........................................................ 87

Chapter 8:Science, Math, and Medicine.............................. 101

Chapter 9:Mapping the World and the Stars ....................... 117

Chapter 10:................................ 129Warfare in Ancient Greece

INTRODUCTION

hen we look at the modern world and try to ﬁgure out why we live the way we do, we ﬁnd ourselves turning again and again to a small nation in the Mediterranean Sea, and to events that took place there more than 2,000 years ago. Much of the world around us has been heavilyby people inﬂuenced we now call ancient Greeks. If you ﬁnd that hard to believe, just lookto the sky. Our constel lations go by names like Orion, Cassiopeia, Andromeda, and Perseus. Those names come directly from ancient Greek mythology. Even one of America’s space programs was named for the Greek god, Apollo. Some American cities sport Greek names—Athens, Geor gia, is one and Homer, Alaska, is another. Some of our most famous buildings feature sweeping colonnades and imposing

Tools of the Ancient Greeks

columns—elements that were prominent in ancient Greek architecture. The Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., is just one example: it was modeled after the Greek Parthenon. From our democratic society to our theater, and from our ar chitecture to our names for constellations, ancient Greek cul ture has inﬂuenced our lives today. When we measure, map, and mold the world, we use tools that were invented by the ancient Greeks. Even when we do something simple like argue or run a race, we have the ancient Greeks to thank for showing us how to do it best. Tools of the Ancient Greeks will take you through the intellectual triumphs and mechanical creations of this longgone, but notforgotten civilization and show how their world has inﬂuenced ours. Biology, astronomy, athletics, democracy, logic, and reason—the Greeks laid the groundwork in nearly every ﬁeld of learning you can imag ine. With this book you can follow in their footsteps.

Learn the names and stories of the ancient Greek populations

Explore ancient Greek philosophy and inventions

Compare the ancient Greek gov ernment and way of life to your own

CHAPTER 1

Ancient Greece and the Beginnings of Democracy

hen we talk about ancient Greece, we are referring to the time

period from about 800 BCE to 31 BCE. Those 800 years in an cient Greece produced some amazing ideas, inventions, dis coveries, and beliefs, many of which we use in our daily lives today. But before we focus solely on BCE? CE? those clever Greeks, let’s take a quick As you read, you will notice dates with the look at how ancient Greece evolved. letters BCE. This stands for Before Common Era. The beginning of the Common Era is The First Greeks marked by the birth of Jesus and begins Situated on the Aegean Sea, ancient with the year 1 followed by the letters CE. Greece is considered part of the AeEvents that occurred prior to the ﬁrst year gean world. The Aegean world inof the Common Era are classiﬁed as Before Common Era. The years BCE may seem back-cludes all of the civilizations in this ward, because as time passes, the years actu-area. The Minoans were the ﬁrst great ally become smaller in number. A child born civilization in the Aegean world. in 300 BCE, for instance, would celebrate his They lived a peaceful existence on or her 10th birthday in the year 290 BCE. the island of Crete, near mainland Think of it as a countdown to Common Era. Greece. Although much information

Tools of the Ancient Greeks

Minoan.

about the Minoan civilization is lost to history, we do know that the Minoans lived on Crete for at least 750 years, andmost historians think the ﬁrst Minoans came from Asia. Archeologistshave unearthed Minoan palaces with elegant rooms and elaborate wall paintings, indicatingthat the Minoan culture was a wealthy one. One interesting discovery about Minoan culture is that they didn’t seem to have any military whatsoever. The Minoans traded with other populations throughout the Aegean world, including the Egyptians (theyeven appear in Egyptian art), but archeologists and histori

Mycenaean.

CHAPTER 1:Ancient Greece and the Beginning of Democracy

ans can’t ﬁnd any evidence that the Minoans hadThere weren’t any Greeks an army, or even soldiers. And although the Minoin ancient Greece. That ans were the forerunners of ancient Greece, theyterm was given to the people of Greece genera didn’t speak Greek. In fact, no one is sure what tions later by the Romans. language the Minoans used to communicate. The people we now know Around 1450 BCE the island of Crete and the Mi as ancient Greeks called noans fell under the power of the Mycenaeans, who themselves Hellenes, after didspeak Greek. The Mycenaeans lived on the main Helen of Troy. Hellenic land of Greece, and their nation was called Mycenae. means Greek. They were excellent craftspeople: they built elaborate underground tombs, giant defensive walls, and the Lion Gate that still stands today. Like the Minoans, the Mycenaeans were traders. Wealth came to them through trade with other lands, such as Egypt and northern Europe.Whatlanguagedid Q: They traded items such as animal skinstheMinoansspeak? and oil for papyrus, a paperlike What language did thematerial made from Mycenaeansspeak? plantand am ﬁbers, ber, afossilized resin used in making jewelry. But unlike the peaceful Minoans, the Mycenaeans were a warlike people, always battleready. Not only did they defend their own people, they actually went looking for trouble. The most famous Mycenaean battle of all is one you’ll hear more about later: the battle of Troy in theTrojan War. The Trojan Horse. words to know archeologist:someone who studies the buildings, graves, tools, and other objects of people who lived in the past to learn about their culture

Tools of the Ancient Greeks

Know Your Ancient Greeks Helen According to legend, Helen was the most beautiful woman in the world. She was the daughter of the Greek god, Zeus, and Leda, a mortal queen.Men came from all over ancient Greece hoping to marry the Spartan princess. Helen had to obey the wishes of her mortal father, Tyndarecus, and she mar-ried a man named Menelaus, king of Sparta. The goddess Aphrodite had other plans for Helen. Aphrodite was in debt to a man named Paris because he had chosen her as the most beautiful of three women in a contest. In payment, Aphrodite offered up the beautiful Helen to Paris, and made Paris so attractive that Helen wouldn’t be able to refuse him. While Menelaus was away, Paris charmed Helen. People debate whether Paris kidnapped Helen orshe ran away with him, but in any case, Menelaus was not happy. When Paris and Helen reached Troy, they were married. Menelaus and his brother, Agamemnon, followed with an army of men to retrieve Helen. And that’s how the Trojan War began in about 1200 BCE.

The mighty Mycenaeans fell under attack between 1200 and 1150 BCE. It isn’t known exactly what happened, but some historians be lieve the Mycenaeans were attacked by the Dorian people from the north. In any case, in less than one hundred years, the Mycenaeans abandoned their civilization, and left few clues as to how they lived. This time period (from about 1100 to 800 BCE) is known as the Greek dark age because all written language and signs of culture completely

The IliadandOdyssey, Democracy, art, science, legends written about literature, and philosophy the Trojan War flourish during this time Mycenaeans come Minoans fall under under attack and their776 BCE power of Mycenaeans culture disappears First Olympic Games Classical Dark Age Period Mycenaean Period Archaic Period 1,600 1,100 800 480 323 All dates are BCE and Trojan War fought900 BCEGreek citystates spread throughout approximate in many cases between early Greeks Worship of traditional the Aegean and Mediterranean and city of Troy Greek gods begins world during this period

Greek culture flourishes and spreads but ancient Greece gradually loses its independence

Hellenistic Period 31