Human Body , livre ebook

Nomad Press - M. Reilly Kathleen

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111 pages

English

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Kids will be amazed at all the action that's going on right inside their own bodies, from understanding just how that apple turns into energy to how the "leftovers" make their exit. The Human Body: 25 Fantastic Projects Illuminate How the Body Works will engage kids with hands-on activities that will show them all the fantastic, well-orchestrated systems at work in their very own bodies-they'll see exactly how smoke affects the lung, how the heart really acts as a liquid pump, and how the different joints are structured and serve different purposes. Kids will gain a concrete understanding of their bodies-and realize in the process just how amazing they really are.

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Publié par	Nomad Press
Date de parution	01 octobre 2008
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781619300804
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0600€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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Nomad Press
A division of Nomad Communications
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Copyright © 2008 by Nomad Press
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review.
The trademark "Nomad Press" and the Nomad Press logo are trademarks of Nomad Communications, Inc. Printed in the United States.
ISBN: 978-1-9346702-4-8 (Perfect Bound)
ISBN: 978-1-9346702-5-5 (Case Bound)

Illustrations by Shawn Braley; page 90 : Florida Center for Instructional Technology (FCIT) at University of South Florida

Questions regarding the ordering of this book should be addressed to
Independent Publishers Group
814 N. Franklin St.
Chicago, IL 60610
www.ipgbook.com

Nomad Press
2456 Christian St.
White River Junction, VT 05001
Nomad Press is committed to preserving ancient forests and natural resources. We elected to print The Human Body on 4,315 lb. of Rolland Enviro100 Print instead of virgin fibres paper. This reduces an ecological footprint of:
Tree(s): 37
Solid waste: 1,057kg
Water: 100,004L
Suspended particles in the water: 6.7kg
Air emissions: 2,321kg
Natural gas: 151m3

It’s the equivalent of:
Tree(s): 0.8 American football field(s)
Water: a shower of 4.6 day(s)
Air emissions: emissions of 0.5 car(s) per year
Nomad Press made this paper choice because our printer, Transcontinental, is a member of Green Press Initiative, a nonprofit program dedicated to supporting authors, publishers, and suppliers in their efforts to reduce their use of fiber obtained from endangered forests.
For more information, visit www.greenpressinitiative.org
Other titles from Nomad Press
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1
Circulatory System
CHAPTER 2
Respiratory System
CHAPTER 3
Digestive System
CHAPTER 4
Muscles
CHAPTER 5
Bones
CHAPTER 6
Cells
CHAPTER 7
Skin
CHAPTER 8
Brain
CHAPTER 9
Senses
CHAPTER 10
Reproduction
CHAPTER 11
Diseases & Immunity

GLOSSARY
RESOURCES
INDEX
INTRODUCTION
W hen you look in the mirror, you see the same "you" that’s always looking back. It’s easy to go through your day sleeping, eating, walking, talking, doing homework all without even thinking about it too much. But inside the skin you’re in, you’ve got an amazing set of systems that are working together to create the life you live.
Did you know you’ve got a river inside of you? You do, sort of your bloodstream. Just like a real river carries boats full of cargo up and down the waterways to their destinations, so does your blood stream, shuttling oxygen and waste products all over your body. And you’ve got a furnace system, too your body can regulate its own temperature, cooling you down or warming you up so you stay the perfect temperature to keep all your systems on "go." You’ve also got levers (bones and joints), a highly developed computer system (your brain), and loads of chemical reactions and electrical charges. All tucked into your skin in a neat order!

EVER THINK ABOUT HOW IT ALL WORKS-AND WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF IT DIDN’T?
Early doctors and scientists had to make some guesses about how things worked inside of us. They thought that evil spirits made you sick, while today’s doctors know when you’re sick, one of your body’s systems is just out of whack and they can correct it. Ancient doctors meant well they just didn’t have the knowledge that modern doctors do. But they laid the groundwork for today’s doctors and scientists to understand the human body.

As time passed, doctors and scientists began to realize there were things as small as germs and cells and that our bodies were made up of billions of cells. Even today, it’s amazing to think that we’re walking, talking, and thinking, all because of the way trillions of cells are arranged together to create the human body. Each one of those cells is doing their job, forming your skin or creating new blood cells. Amazing!
This book will take you inside your body to get an idea about how it really works. You’ll be able to create models that imitate your body’s functions, and test some of those functions, too. You can take a peek inside a real heart to understand how yours is shaped and how the chambers work together to pump your blood. You can test your muscle memory and even extract DNA. When you’re finished with the book, you’ll probably have a completely different reaction the next time you look in the mirror. That same "you" that looked so familiar before will now look like an amazing masterpiece a living, breathing, thinking, feeling machine that is an example of the amazing human body.

DID YOU KNOW?
Some parts of your body you can control, like your movement or your speech. But other parts function all by themselves, without you having to think about them at all, like when you’re pumping blood or digesting dinner. Your body’s even working when you’re sleeping your lungs keep sucking in air and releasing waste, your heart is beating, and your brain is even giving you something to dream about during the night!
CHAPTER 1
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
W ould you believe there’s a river of life running through your body? It’s your blood. Without it, your cells couldn’t function at all. The path your blood takes as it moves through your body is called the circulatory system. And at the center of the circulatory system, pumping steadily, is your heart.
In cartoons, the heart is usually shaped like a box of chocolates on Valentine’s Day. But it’s really shaped more like a fist and it’s about the size of a fist, too. Your heart’s job is to push blood through the circulatory system, transporting blood everywhere from the top of your scalp all the way down to your little pinkie toe.

The heart is the superstar of the circulatory system, but your blood is pretty amazing too. Blood makes up about seven percent of your body weight! It carries oxygen, sugar and other nutrients, hormones , vitamins, and antibodies to all parts of your body. At the same time, it helps get rid of waste products like carbon dioxide . Blood also helps regulate your body temperature and keeps your cuts from bleeding too much.
Blood travels through a maze of tubes called veins, arteries, and capillaries. They all work together so your blood can do its job which is to keep you healthy and strong!
PLASMA
Just a little over half of your blood is made up of plasma. Your plasma is about 92 percent water. The rest of it is made up of proteins, dissolved salts, nutrients, and minerals. These things float around in the plasma as it transports them where they need to go. Without plasma, your blood cells wouldn’t be able to move through your body.

WORDS TO KNOW
hormones : chemicals that travel through the bloodstream to signal other cells to do their job in the body.
antibodies : proteins that help the immune system fight infections or bacteria.
carbon dioxide : the gas that’s produced as a waste product by your body.
clot : the clump of blood, proteins, and cells that’s formed over a cut to help stop the blood flow.
hemoglobin : the protein that carries oxygen in your bloodstream.

WHAT’S IN A NAME?
Although it’s easy to call the different parts of your blood by their simple names red blood cells or platelets, for example they also have bigger names, too: red blood cells erythrocytes white blood cells leukocytes platelets thrombocytes

LIFE OF A BLOOD CELL Blood cells are "born" in bone marrow the stuff that’s inside your bones. Newly made blood cells leave the marrow through blood vessels going through the bone and into the surrounding tissue. Blood cells spend their lives transporting oxygen and defending against intruding germs, and helping to clot and close wounds. Blood cells are short-lived some kinds live half-a-day, others live for several months.
RED BLOOD CELLS
Red blood cells give blood its red color. They look like flattened doughnuts (with the hole filled in). One drop of your blood contains millions of red blood cells, but they don’t live very long only about 120 days.
Red blood cells carry oxygen to other cells. First, they travel to the lungs to get oxygen. Once there, molecules inside the red blood cells called hemoglobin grab onto the oxygen. Then, when the red blood cells travel to a part of your body where the oxygen is low, the hemoglobin releases the oxygen for the cells to use.

DID YOU KNOW?
People make blood plasma by putting blood in a tube and spinning it around extremely fast. The force of the spinning pushes the blood cells down to the bottom of the test tube, leaving behind only the blood plasma.
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
White blood cells are bigger than red blood cells, and there are fewer of them in your blood. Even so, one drop of blood carries thousands of them.
White blood cells protect your body against foreign invaders. Whenever an infection enters your body, the white blood cells find the harmful germs and work to destroy them. Different kinds of white blood cells attack different types of infections. Some battle bacteria, others take on parasites , and still others spring into action in the event of an allergic reaction.
White blood cells are created in the bone marrow, just like red blood cells. They also have a short life from half-a-day to a few weeks.

PLATELETS
Another element found in your blood is platelets. They are even smaller than red blood cells. Their job is to close off torn and cut blood vessels to stop the bleeding. They keep your blood where it belongs inside of you!
Platelets help make clots and scabs. When you cut yourself, the platelets in the blood gather up around the wound. They plug the wound so it stops bleeding. After the bleeding has stopped, platelets create long threads made out of a protein called fibrin. These fibrin threads stitch together and form a mesh over your cut. This is the clot. Red and white blood cells pile up behind this mesh