Volcano , livre ebook

Capstone Global Library - M. Cerullo Mary

Découvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement

Je m'inscris

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

52 pages

English

Vous pourrez modifier la taille du texte de cet ouvrage

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

A propos
Informations
Extrait

Description

Lava shoots in the air, then bubbles down mountains, flattening, burning and boiling everything in its path. The destructive forces of volcanoes are terrifying and well-known. But what about their other forces? Volcanoes can spur new growth of plants and trees. In the water, they create an environment where coral reefs and sea life can thrive. In fact, the meeting of volcanic fire and ocean water gave way to life on Earth. Award-winning children's science author Mary M. Cerullo brings her excellent research and signature storytelling style to the dynamic subject of volcanoes. Stitching together science, history and mythology, Cerullo explores these explosive wonders of nature and reveals the secrets they've been keeping since the beginning of the world.

Informations

Publié par	Capstone Global Library
Date de parution	03 mars 2022
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781398236141
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	5 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0374€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

This page left blank intentionally
VOLCANO
Mary M. Cerullo
Raintree is an imprint of Capstone Global Library Limited, a company incorporated in England and Wales having its registered office at 264 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 7DY – Registered company number: 6695582
www.raintree.co.uk myorders@raintree.co.uk
Text copyright © 2022 by Mary M. Cerullo. Hardback edition published in 2022 Paperback edition published in 2023 The moral rights of the author have been asserted.
The name of the Smithsonian Institution and the sunburst logo are registered trademarks of the Smithsonian Institution. For more information, please visit www.si.edu.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner, except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 5th Floor, Shackleton House, 4 Battle Bridge Lane, London SE1 2HX (www.cla.co.uk). Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission should be addressed to the publisher.
Edited by Kristen MohnDesigned by Sarah Bennett
Media research by Svetlana ZhurkinOriginal illustrations © Capstone Global Library Limited 2022Originated by Capstone Global Library Ltd Production by Katy LaVigne
978 1 3982 3611 0 (hardback) 978 1 3982 3612 7 (paperback)978 1 3982 3614 1 (ebook)
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A full catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce photographs: Alamy: John De Mello, 33 (inset); Capstone: 6 (bottom left) and throughout, 21 (bottom inset); Dreamstime: Britta Harris, 32 (bottom), Marlon Trottmann, 24 (bottom); NASA: 43 (right inset); National Park Service: Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, 7 (top), 17 (middle left); Newscom: BSIP, 11 (bottom), Danita Delimont Photography/David R. Frazier, 43 (left inset), Dave Fleetham, 32 (middle), Design Pics/Dave Fleetham, 38 (bottom right); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program/Galapagos Rift Expedition 2011, 41 (middle inset), NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program/Our Deepwater Backyard, 28 (bottom), NOAA Vent Program/Image Courtesy of Submarine Ring of Fire 2006 Exploration, 40, 41 (back and top right inset); Shutterstock: Adam Nettleton, 37 (top), bearacreative, 37 (inset), Benny Marty, 2-3, 22 (bottom), Bos11, 16, Bule Sky Studio, 18 (bottom left), Darren J. Bradley, 38 (top left), Designua, 14 (bottom), Dmitry Pichugin, 19 (bottom right), Enguerrand Cales (lava design element), 4 (top) and throughout, EnviroSense, 19 (top left), eshoot, 39 (middle right), Evan Austen, endsheets, Everett Collection, 15 (top), Fabio Lamanna, 36 (middle), FCG, 13 (bottom), feygraphy, 18 (top left), foto-select, 17 (bottom), Fredy Thuerig, cover (top), 5, George Burba, 4, Hiroyuki Saita, 39 (middle left), Javrob, 18 (bottom right), jo Crebbin, 33 (back), Joe Belanger, 44-45, Johan Swanepoel, 10 (bottom left), 12 (front), Juergen Wallstabe, 17 (top), Karoline Cullen, 39 (top left), Katy Foster, 36 (bottom), Lokuttara, 35 (bottom), Love Lego, 35 (top), Luc Kohnen, 18 (top right), mapichai, 20 (inset), Martin Voeller, 38 (top right), Meister Photos, 30, Miloje (grunge background), 15 (bottom) and throughout, MNStudio, 21 (top inset), 28 (top), Nataliia K (water background), 24 (top) and throughout, nikkytok, 1, 46-47, 48, Nina B, 28 (middle), Noel Powell, back cover (top), Pavel Gabzdyl, 10 (top), Peter Bardocz, 22-23 (map), Peter Hermes Furian, 13 (top), 25 (right), Petr Klabal, cover and back cover (bottom), Photovolcanica, 17 (middle right), PsychoBeard, cover and back cover texture, Rajneesh Kumar Thakur, 36 (illustrations), RelentlessImages, 7 (middle), Roberto Politi, 19 (top right), Robin Runck, 42-43, RobJ808, 38 (bottom left), rudvi (pattern), 8-9 (bottom), 21 (bottom), 22-23 (top and bottom), 40-41 (bottom), S_E, 18-19 (map), Shane Myers Photography, 39 (bottom right), Smelov, 8-9 (top), sripfoto, 10 (back), 12 (back), srisondem, 11 (back), Steve Heap, 39 (bottom left), Tara Schulz, 7 (bottom), Tatsiana Kuryanovich, 15 (bottom right), Timothy Ewing, 39 (top right), tunasalmon, 14 (top), VectorMine, 17 (volcano type insets), Volina, 20-21 (back), Wead, 19 (middle right), Wouter van de Kamp, 25 (left), Zamir Popat, 19 (middle left); USGS: 6-7, 26-27, 29, 31 (bottom), Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 26 (bottom), 31 (top), 34
Our very special thanks to Benjamin J. Andrews, Director, Global Volcanism Program, Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Capstone would also like to thank Kealy Gordon, Product Development Manager, and the following at Smithsonian Enterprises: Jill Corcoran, Director, Licensed Publishing; Brigid Ferraro, Vice President, Education and Consumer Products; and Carol LeBlanc, President, Smithsonian Enterprises.
All the internet addresses (URLs) given in this book were valid at the time of going to press. However, due to the dynamic nature of the internet, some addresses may have changed, or sites may have changed or ceased to exist since publication. While the author and publisher regret any inconvenience this may cause readers, no responsibility for any such changes can be accepted by either the author or the publisher.
Contents
INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 4
AN ANCIENT CONNECTION ..................................... 8
WHAT’S GOING ON UNDERGROUND? ............... 12
THE RING OF FIRE ...................................................... 14
CLASSIFYING VOLCANOES ...................................... 16
READY TO RUMBLE .................................................... 18
HAWAIIAN HOT SPOT .............................................. 20
PELE WAKES ................................................................ 24
WHEN FIRE AND WATER MEET ............................ 30
RECOVERY .................................................................... 34
MEET HAWAII’S REEF DWELLERS ........................ 38
A DEEPER, DARKER ECOSYSTEM ......................... 40
PREDICTING THE FUTURE ....................................... 42
GLOSSARY ........................................................... 46
SOURCE NOTES ................................................. 47
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................. 47
INDEX .................................................................... 48
INTRODUCTION
It is eerily quiet. No birds are singing. The streets are deserted. The countryside looks like a scene from a fantasy film where fire-breathing dragons burned or trampled on everything in sight.
Kilauea (KILL-ah-WAY-ah), on the island of Hawaii, has been called the most active volcanoin the world. It erupted continuously, but gently, for 35 years. Curious tourists would crowd around the edge of the volcano to stare into the crater.Far below, fiery, molten rock spurted between black streaks of cooling lava. Lava from Kilauea covered homesin the town of Pahoa.

4
Even as visitors were thrilled by the display, scientists in charge of monitoring the volcano were becoming alarmed. For more than six months, their sensors had been detecting pressure building up deep inside the volcano’s magma chamber.
On 3 May 2018, that magma forced its way up through multiple cracks along the slopes of the volcano. Rivers of lava streamed down to the sea, burying houses, roads and tropical forests in their path. Kilauea eruptedthroughout thesummer of 2018.

5
Thankfully, no humans died in the 2018 eruption. The lava moved slowly enough for people to move out of its path. But their homes could not move. The lava buried or burned about 700 structures.
Five months after the eruptionended, the landscape looked alien and mysterious. The smell of rotten eggs still lingered. A volcanic fog of steam and poisonous sulphuricacid, called vog, hovered just above the ground. Hot steamvents dotted the jagged, uneven lava fields. Bits of hardened lava foam called volcanic ash covered the ground. Earthquakes that occurred hundreds of times a day during the massive eruption had mostly stopped, but small tremors continued. These houseswere in the path of the lava flow of the 2018 eruption.
FACT
Molten rock is called magma while it is underground. Once it reaches the Earth's surface and flows out of the volcano, it is called lava.