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83 pages

English

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An informative and compelling book for ages 12 to 15 about both the science and human sides of natural disasters, full of hands-on investigative activities and research projects along with real-world connections that encourage kids to dive deeper into a topic that directly affects them.News reports from around the world offer detailed descriptions of wildfires, floods, tsunamis, earthquakes, and more. While these kinds of events might seem horrifically random, scientists can explain quite a lot about why they happen, how they develop, how we can try to prevent them, and how we can predict where and when they'll happen next. The Science of Natural Disasters: When Nature and Humans Collide examines the science behind earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and wildfires, Use historical and current events as case studies, such as Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the floods in China in 1931, and the eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815, the Galveston, Texas, hurricane in 1900, and the Daulatpur-Saturia tornado in 1989. Kids explore natural disasters using real-world data to work those critical-thinking skills as they brainstorm innovative solutions for the problems facing our planet today and in the future. Many different kinds of careers are related to studying, preventing, warning about, and combatting natural disasters, from meteorologists to municipal program leaders to geologists to boots on the ground-kids will explore how different roles that contribute to our understanding and prevention of hurricanes, floods, and wildfires. Science-minded STEM activities such as assessing the flood risk of the town where you live, researching a wildfire of historical significance, and engineering hurricane resistant cities encourage readers to think like scientists while essential questions, fascinating facts, links to online resources, and more encourage readers to explore the ever-evolving dynamics of this incredible planet.About the Inquire & Investigate Earth Science set and Nomad PressThe Science of Natural Disasters is part of a set of three Inquire & Investigate Earth Science books that explore the earth, the atmosphere, and everything in between. The other titles in this series are The Science of Weather and Climate: Rain, Sleet, and the Rising Tide and Rocks and Minerals: Get the Dirt on Geology.Nomad Press books in the Inquire & Investigate series integrate content with participation, encouraging readers to engage in student-directed learning. Combining content with inquiry-based projects stimulates learning and makes it active and alive. Nomad's unique approach simultaneously grounds kids in factual knowledge while allowing them the space to be curious, creative, and critical thinkers.All books are leveled for Guided Reading level and Lexile and align with Common Core State Standards and National Curriculum Standards for Social Studies. All titles are available in paperback, hardcover, and ebook formats.

Informations

Publié par	Nomad Press
Date de parution	15 janvier 2020
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781619308565
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	9 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0650€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Titles in the Inquire Investigate Earth Science set

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Nomad Press
A division of Nomad Communications
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Copyright 2020 by Nomad Press. All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review or for limited educational use . The trademark Nomad Press and the Nomad Press logo are trademarks of Nomad Communications, Inc.

Educational Consultant, Marla Conn
Questions regarding the ordering of this book should be addressed to
Nomad Press
2456 Christian St., White River Junction, VT 05001
www.nomadpress.net
Printed in the United States.
Interested in primary sources?
Look for this icon.

You can use a smartphone or tablet app to scan the QR codes and explore more! Cover up neighboring QR codes to make sure you re scanning the right one. You can find a list of URLs on the Resources page.
If the QR code doesn t work, try searching the internet with the Keyword Prompts to find other helpful sources.
natural disasters
What are source notes?
In this book, you ll find small numbers at the end of some paragraphs. These numbers indicate that you can find source notes for that section in the back of the book. Source notes tell readers where the writer got their information. This might be a news article, a book, or another kind of media. Source notes are a way to know that what you are reading is information that other people have verified. They can also lead you to more places where you can explore a topic that you re curious about!
Contents
Timeline
Introduction
Warning!
Chapter 1
Earthquakes: When the Earth Shakes
Chapter 2
Volcanoes: A Burping Earth
Chapter 3
Hurricanes: Perfect Storms
Chapter 4
Tornadoes: The Sound and the Fury
Chapter 5
Floods: Rivers Rising
Chapter 6
Wildfires: Out of Control
Glossary Metric Conversions Resources Index
TIMELINE
1650 BCE
The volcanic eruption on the island of Santorini in Greece produces 7 cubic miles of magma and releases enough ash into the air to contribute to the end of the Minoan culture on the island of Crete.
August 24, 79 CE
The volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius destroys the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum.
132 CE
Chinese astronomer and mathematician Chang Heng (78-139) invents the first seismograph, known as the Dragon Jar.
365 CE
An undersea earthquake with an epicenter near the island of Crete causes destruction in Greece, Libya, Egypt, Cyprus, and Sicily. A resulting tsunami kills thousands along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
May 20-29, 526 CE
The Antioch earthquake in Syria crumbles buildings and sets off a series of fires that destroy the buildings left standing. It claims an estimated 250,000 lives.
October, 11, 1138
One of the largest earthquakes in ancient human history takes place in Aleppo, Syria, claiming the lives of more than 200,000 people.
May 20, 1202
An earthquake near Syria may have led to the deaths of as many as 1 million people.
January 23, 1556
An earthquake in the area of Shaanxi, China, rocks the land and affects the lives of millions of people and kills an estimated 830,000.
November 1, 1755
An earthquake in Lisbon, Portugal, opens a fissure 16 feet wide in the center of the city and creates a tsunami that roars through the town.
November 25, 1839
The port village of Coringa, India, is destroyed by the strong winds of a hurricane and a resulting storm surge that reaches a height of 40 feet.
1870
U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885) establishes the National Weather Service to monitor weather on a daily basis and warn people of hazardous weather conditions, such as hurricanes and heavy rains.
1880
British geologist John Milne (1850-1913) invents the first modern seismograph, which consists of a horizontal pendulum.
May-August, 1883
The volcanic island of Krakatoa, in Indonesia, explodes, creating the loudest sound ever recorded on Earth and causing two catastrophic tsunamis.
1896
French meteorologist Leon Teisserenc de Bort (1855-1913), using hundreds of weather balloons in experiments, discovers that Earth s atmosphere is made up of different layers.
September 8-9, 1900
The Great Galveston hurricane inundates the town of Galveston, Texas, with a storm surge that floods the entire island. When the storm ends, nothing remains standing in an area covering nearly 2,000 acres.
1912
German geologist Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) proposes that the continents were once a single landmass and that they have been, and still are, drifting apart.
March 18, 1925
The Tri-State Tornado cuts a path 219 miles long through Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana. The tornado lasts a record-breaking three-and-a-half hours and claims the lives of 695 people.
July-November, 1931
Years of drought followed by a harsh winter create the conditions for catastrophic flooding on major rivers in eastern and central China. Subsequent epidemics and famine result in one of the worst natural disasters of the twentieth century.
January 13, 1939
The state of Victoria, Australia, is overwhelmed by a series of wildfires that burn nearly 5 million acres of land. The Black Friday Bushfires completely destroy five towns and damage 16 others.
1968
Recognizing that fire is a natural process crucial to the health of ecosystems, the National Park Service of the United States changes its policy regarding wildfires. Previously, all wildfires had been put out as soon as possible. Now, they are allowed to burn, provided they do not run out of control.
December 26, 2004
An earthquake in the Indian Ocean creates a tsunami that washes over coastal communities all across the Indian Ocean. Countries affected include South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, India, Myanmar, Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia. More than 220,000 people lose their lives in the disaster.
August 23-31, 2005
A Category 5 storm named Hurricane Katrina cuts a path of devastation all the way from Cuba to Canada. Hardest hit is New Orleans, Louisiana, where a storm surge leads to 53 levee breaches. Strong winds blow out the windows of high-rise hotels and toss beds into the air. Thousands of people flee their homes only to wind up stranded in deplorable conditions at the city s covered sports stadium.
July-November, 2018
Wildfire season in California sparks 8,527 fires. The fires burn 1,893,913 acres of land, cause more than $3 billion in property damage, and kill 96 civilians and six firefighters.
Introduction
Warning!

What is a natural disaster?

A natural disaster is an event in nature that causes harm to the human population, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, and many other events.
When humans live in harmony with nature, all is well. Rain falls to water our crops, the sun shines to grow them, rivers flow across the land to provide water and transportation routes. Humans couldn t exist without nature to support us-as a species, we are tied to the cycles of the natural world.
Unfortunately, human beings and nature are not always on the best of terms. Have you ever been in a hurricane, a flood, or a tornado? Have you ever lived someplace that experienced a drought? When a natural event such as these causes significant damage to a human population, we call it a natural disaster.
In 2018, people from all around the globe found themselves in desperate circumstances because of natural disasters. About 27 miles from Guatemala City, Guatemala, a volcano named Mount Fuego erupted without warning on June 3. An ash column soared more than 9 miles into the atmosphere, burying several villages in hot ash and melting car tires into the ground.
Later that month, three people in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were driving on highway RS-463 when a tornado snatched their trucks off the road and tossed them into nearby fields. Two people died, thousands of homes were damaged, and more than 200,000 chickens in 10 different aviaries were killed.
The month of July brought three times the normal amount of rainfall into southwestern Japan. The resulting floods and mudslides claimed the lives of at least 100 people and left 2 million without a place to call home.
July was a tough month for the citizens of California, too. Record high temperatures, dry vegetation, and the misdeeds of an arsonist resulted in 17 active wildfires. They burned along a 650-mile corridor from the north of the state to the south, destroying 300,000 acres of land and more than 600 homes.

V OCAB L AB

There is a lot of new vocabulary in this book. Turn to the glossary in the back when you come to a word you don t understand. Practice your new vocabulary in the VOCAB LAB activities in each chapter.

An aerial view of Mount Fuego in Guatemala and the wide range of likely damage its eruption caused, shown by the areas of red and yellow

credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/Copernicus/Google
DISASTER FACT

The term science refers to research, or adding to our understanding of the world for the sake of knowledge itself. The phrase applied science refers to using that knowledge to affect change in the world.
In late September, more than 2,000 people died and another 330,000 were left homeless when a massive earthquake struck the Central Sulawesi province of Indonesia. Then, in early October, people as far south as Central America and as far north as the Atlantic coast of Canada battled the wind, rain, and storm surge of Hurricane Michael. Houses were flattened, hundreds of roads were closed, and more than 3 million acres of timberland were destroyed.
What do all of these events have in common? They are all natural disasters.
THE HUMAN ELEMENT
Natural events have always had profound effects on the organisms that inhabit Earth. Our planet is more than 4 billion years old. During that time, the planet has experienced five mass extinction events, been cove