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Does the weather fascinate you? Thunderstorms, tornados, hurricanes, and snowstorms are just some of the weather events that affect people's everyday lives. Since the time of the Ancient Greeks, people have been fascinated with weather phenomena and how they relate to human activities, such as sailing and farming. Meteorology is the science of the atmosphere, particularly the processes and phenomena that are used in forecasting the weather, and how weather relates to the oceans and climate. Long-term climate patterns, such as El Nio, don't just affect weather. They disrupt global atmospheric circulation, ocean currents, and the economies of many countries. Every day, thousands of meteorologists observe and record measurements at more than 10,000 weather stations on land and sea throughout the world. Data also comes from satellites, weather balloons, and radar. This data is transmitted to weather centers of the world, where computer models produce the information used in weather prediction. Meteorology: Cool Women Who Weather Storms introduces readers ages 9 to 12 to three women in meteorology who are making an impact and inspiring future generations of meteorologists. Kelly Cass is a broadcast meteorologist at the Weather Channel with a particular interest in severe weather. Bianca Hernandez works as a meteorologist for the National Weather Service in their Phoenix office. Pam Heinselman is a professor and Research Scientist with the National Severe Storms Lab.This nonfiction STEM title serves as a bridge between girls' interests and their potential careers in meteorology by telling captivating stories about real-life meteorologists and the many ways meteorology benefits society. Meteorology isn't just about storm tracking, it's about how the atmosphere affects the earth in the past, present, and future. Advances in meteorology are strongly connected with developments in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Readers will be encouraged to investigate how atmospheric forces affect our lives and how using scientific and mathematical principles allow meteorologists to predict the weather and save lives.Nomad Press books in the Girls in Science series provide a comprehensive foundation about both a field of STEM study and women who have contributed to it in meaningful ways. Essential questions embedded within every chapter, QR codes linked to online primary sources, and language that's designed to encourage readers to connect prior knowledge to new information make these books an integrative reading experience that encourages further, student-led research. Nomad's unique approach simultaneously grounds kids in factual knowledge while encouraging them to be curious, creative, and critical thinkers.According to the National Foundation of Science, 66 percent of girls and 68 percent of boys in fourth grade say they like STEM subjects (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math), but by eighth grade twice as many boys as girls are interested in STEM careers. Why do so many girls turn away from science? One reason is persistent stereotypes and another is a lack of role models. Nomad Press books in the Girls in Science series supply a bridge between girls' interests and their potential futures by investigating science careers and introducing women who have succeeded in science.Titles in the series include: Technology: Cool Women Who Code; Astronomy: Cool Women in Space; Engineering: Cool Women Who Design; Forensics: Cool Women Who Investigate; Aviation: Cool Women Who Fly; Marine Biology: Cool Women Who Dive; Archaeology: Cool Women Who Dig; Zoology: Cool Women Who Work with Animals; Architecture: Cool Women Who Design Structures; and Meteorology: Cool Women Who Weather Storms.

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Publié par	Nomad Press
Date de parution	15 août 2017
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781619305397
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	3 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0350€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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Nomad Press
A division of Nomad Communications
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Copyright 2017 by Nomad Press. All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review or for limited educational use . The trademark Nomad Press and the Nomad Press logo are trademarks of Nomad Communications, Inc.
ISBN Softcover: 978-1-61930-541-0 ISBN Hardcover: 978-1-61930-537-3
Educational Consultant, Marla Conn Thank you to the American Meteorological Society.
Questions regarding the ordering of this book should be addressed to Nomad Press
2456 Christian St.
White River Junction, VT 05001
www.nomadpress.net
~ Titles in the Girls in Science Series ~

Check out more titles at www.nomadpress.net
How to Use This Book
In this book you ll find a few different ways to explore the topic of women in meteorology.
The essential questions in each Ask Answer box encourage you to think further. You probably won t find the answers to these questions in the text, and sometimes there are no right or wrong answers! Instead, these questions are here to help you think more deeply about what you re reading and how the material connects to your own life.
There s a lot of new vocabulary in this book! Can you figure out a word s meaning from the paragraph? Look in the glossary in the back of the book to find the definitions of words you don t know.
Are you interested in what women have to say about meteorology? You ll find quotes from women who are professionals in the meteorology field. You can learn a lot by listening to people who have worked hard to succeed!
Primary sources come from people who were eyewitnesses to events. They might write about the event, take pictures, or record the event for radio or video. Why are primary sources important?

Use a QR code reader app on your tablet or other device to find online primary sources. You can find a list of URLs on the Resources page. If the QR code doesn t work, try searching the Internet with the Keyword Prompts to find other helpful sources.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
What Is Meteorology?
CHAPTER 1
A History of Meteorology
CHAPTER 2
Kelly Cass
CHAPTER 3
Bianca Hernandez
CHAPTER 4
Pamela Heinselman
Timeline Essential Questions Glossary Resources Index

INTRODUCTION
What Is Meteorology?
What are you going to wear tomorrow? Will soccer practice be canceled because of rain? Is it going to be hot enough to go swimming? Maybe you ll have a day off from school because of the snow! Our entire lives are affected by the weather. It can be a perfect day to have a cookout or storms can make it dangerous to step out the door. The people who study meteorology help us stay safe and help us understand what is happening above our heads.
Nature is so powerful, so strong. Capturing its essence is not easy-your work becomes a dance with light and the weather. It takes you to a place within yourself.
-Annie Leibovitz,
photographer
Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere and everything that happens there, including the weather. The word meteorology comes from the Greek word meteoron , which translates to something that happens high in the sky.
IMPORTANCE OF METEOROLOGY
Meteorology affects day-to-day life. It impacts how we dress, our travel plans, and business. From the earliest beginnings of human history, weather has played an important role. For example, humans realized that weather has a lot to do with the outcome of crops. Seamen learned to read the skies and adjust sailing routes and schedules based upon weather. Good weather meant abundant crops and easy travel. Bad weather resulted in limited food supplies and the destruction of ships.
Countries that exported goods across oceans soon learned the importance of trade winds. When ships traveled with a strong trade wind, it traveled faster and reached its destination sooner. Against these winds, shipping took longer and cost more money.

Some of the most dramatic photographs are because of weather
photo credit: NOAA/Department of Commerce, Ralph F. Kresge
Weather also affects humans through natural disasters, which can be devastating. Floods, tornadoes, and hurricanes are just some of the weather phenomena that can claim lives and wipe out communities. That s why the weather forecasts of meteorology are so important.
Accurate weather forecasts can save lives, but it s not the only type of meteorology. In recent years, meteorologists have begun working more closely with climatologists as knowledge about global warming has increased.
Climate is what we expect, weather is what we get.
-Mark Twain,
writer
Most American Meteorological Society (AMS) members (96 percent) believe climate change is occurring. Global warming may impact the frequency or severity of extreme weather and events, such as hurricanes. Changes in precipitation patterns lead to flooding in some areas and drought in others.
Relationships between climate change and weather are being studied by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. NCAR studies the atmosphere and how it is being affected by global changes. Surface and ocean temperatures have increased. Polar ice has shrunk significantly. The earth s sea levels rose about 7 inches during the last century and are continuing to rise. These changes affect all life on Earth.
Although weather can be devastating, it is also fascinating to many people. Are you mesmerized by the power of a thunderstorm? Do you wonder how tornadoes form? Weather invites the questions what, where, when, how, and why. Meteorologists seek to answer those questions, and by doing so, help others.
In Meteorology: Cool Women Who Weather Storms , you ll read about three fascinating women who enjoy observing and investigating the atmosphere.

Weather and Climate
What is the difference between weather and climate? It s all related to time. Weather is the condition of the atmosphere during a short period of time. Is it sunny today? Will there be rain this week? Climate is how the atmosphere behaves during long periods of time. Climate is determined by several factors, including latitude, which is distance north or south of the equator, and local topography, such as mountains and other features of the land. Altitude, the height above the level of the sea, and distance to oceans also affect climate.
Climate is always changing. Throughout history, there have been and will continue to be natural changes in the climate due to things such as solar activity or volcanic eruptions. A major change in climate that lasts several decades is referred to as climate change. Scientists have discovered that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during the past 60 years has increased much faster than any other time during the past 800,000 years. This dramatic change is primarily caused by human activity, such as the use of fossil fuels and deforestation. It is these changes that have led to global warming.
You can read the National Aeronautics and Space Administration s (NASA s) Twitter account about its climate change studies and discoveries.

NASA climate Twitter
These women worked hard to get where they are today, and they love sharing their passion for meteorology with others. Broadcast meteorologist Kelly Cass has a particular interest in severe weather, such as tropical storms and snowstorms. After being recognized for blizzard reporting at a local station, she went on to work at the Weather Channel.
Working for the National Weather Service is something Bianca Hernandez has always wanted to do. She works in a weather forecast office studying daily climate data, such as temperature and precipitation, for her region.
Pamela Heinselman is a research meteorologist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Severe Storms Laboratory. In addition to analyzing radar data, she also teaches meteorology to college students.
The careers of these three women show us that there are many paths to meteorology. In this book, we ll learn more about what they do and why. But first, let s explore the fascinating world of meteorology that these women have chosen as their careers.

Ask Answer

Why is meteorology an important career for women? What would science be like if only one race or gender worked in it?
CHAPTER 1
A History of Meteorology
Do you ever look at the sky and make weather predictions according to the clouds hovering above your house? Today, you can check many websites and find out the weather all around the world. On the television and radio, weather forecasters are standing by to offer updates on the developing weather. It s easy to learn what to expect for weather in the coming days.
WHAT HAPPENS IN THE CLOUDS?
The atmosphere is a layer of gases that surrounds a planet. The word atmosphere comes from a Greek word meaning surrounding vapor. Earth s atmosphere is about 65 to 75 miles thick.
Meteorology studies the part of the atmosphere closest to the earth. This part is called the troposphere, and it s measured from the earth s surface to about 5 miles above the surface.
The word troposphere means sphere of change. This is where most weather takes place. Sometimes weather also occurs in the next level of the atmosphere, called the stratosphere.
Meteorology is the science of weather. Meteorologists observe what s happening in the air, take measurements, and analyze data from a variety of sources. The basic tools used by meteorologists include barometers to measure air pressure, temperature gauges to measure air temperature, and hygrometers to measure humidity.
Most of today s data is gathered electronicly. It comes from radar, weather balloons, and planes that measure pressure, temperatures, and humidity. Weather satellites over the equator and the North and South Poles also provide meteorologists with