Engines! , livre ebook

Nomad Press - Donna McKinney

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120 pages

English

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A full-color introduction to the engines that power our world, packed with STEM activities and text-to-world connections that invite kids ages 7 to 10 to discovery the wonderful world of engines and motors!From ancient times to now, engines have powered the activities of people's lives. Engines! With Science Projects for Kids invites readers ages 7 to 10 to explore engines through hands-on STEM projects that deepen their understanding of engines, what makes them hum, and all the special jobs they do for humans. Interact with engaging text that's reinforced with 25 hands-on, science-minded projects, including building a catapult, a milk-carton conveyor belt, and a magnet-powered car, while fascinating trivia, essential questions, links to online resources, text-to-world connections, and even jokes help support deeper learning!About the Explore Your World series and Nomad PressNomad Press books in the Explore Your World series integrate content with participation, encouraging readers to engage in student-directed learning. Combining content with inquiry-based projects stimulates learning and makes it active and alive. Nomad's unique approach simultaneously grounds kids in factual knowledge while allowing them the space to be curious, creative, and critical thinkers.All books are leveled for Guided Reading level and Lexile and align with Common Core State Standards and Next Generation Science Standards. All titles are available in paperback, hardcover, and ebook formats.

Informations

Publié par	Nomad Press
Date de parution	15 octobre 2021
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781619309388
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	8 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0500€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

More engineering technology titles in the Explore Your World series

Check out more titles at www.nomadpress.net www.nomadpress.net

Nomad Press
A division of Nomad Communications
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Copyright 2020 by Nomad Press. All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review or for limited educational use. The trademark Nomad Press and the Nomad Press logo are trademarks of Nomad Communications, Inc.
ISBN Softcover: 978-1-61930-940-1 ISBN Hardcover: 978-1-61930-937-1
Educational Consultant, Marla Conn
Questions regarding the ordering of this book should be addressed to Nomad Press PO Box 1036, Norwich, VT 05055 www.nomadpress.net
CONTENTS
Timeline
Introduction What Is an Engine?
Chapter 1 Tick-Tock: Clockwork Motors
Chapter 2 Hot-Burning Fuel: Heat Engines
Chapter 3 Magnetic Attraction: Electric Motors
Chapter 4 Powered by Air: Pneumatic Motors
Chapter 5 Fluids Under Pressure: Hydraulic Motors
Glossary * Metric Conversions Resources * Essential Questions * Index

Interested in primary sources? Look for this icon. Use a smartphone or tablet app to scan the QR code and explore more! Photos are also primary sources because a photograph takes a picture at the moment something happens.

You can find a list of URLs on the Resources page. If the QR code doesn t work, try searching the internet with the Keyword Prompts to find other helpful sources.
EXPLORE ENGINES
TIMELINE

FIRST CENTURY CE: An ancient Greek named Hero (or Heron) of Alexandria invents a simple steam engine called the aeolipile.

1698: Englishman Thomas Savery patents a machine powered by steam pressure to move water out of flooded mines.

1740: French inventor Jacques de Vaucanson builds a clockwork-powered carriage.

1769: Scottish inventor James Watt patents a steam engine that improves on earlier steam engines. His engine is smaller and uses less coal for fuel.

1776: James Watt and English engineer Matthew Boulton become partners to make steam engines that are used for much more than pumping water out of mines. The Boulton-Watt engine is the first where an operator controls the engine speed.

EARLY 1800s: A growing number of mills and factories are powered by steam engines.

1821: Englishman Michael Faraday makes the first electric motor, using the force of magnetism.

1821: English mathematician Charles Babbage invents the Difference Engine-a calculator and one of the earliest computers.

1859: Belgian Jean Joseph tienne Lenoir builds the first reliable internal combustion engine.

1886: German engineer Karl Benz patents his Motorwagen. It is believed to be the first practical gasoline-powered automobile.

1888: Serbian-American inventor Nikola Tesla patents the first alternating current induction motor powered by rotating magnetic fields. This motor makes it possible to distribute electricity across wide areas.

1892: German inventor Rudolf Diesel patents his compression ignition engine, now called the diesel engine.

1896: English engineer H.J. Dowsing builds the first electric starter for engines.

1998: Toyota releases the Prius automobile, a hybrid powered by an electric motor and a tiny gas engine.

2008: Tesla Motors starts producing a luxury electric sports car called the Tesla Roadster, the world s first all-electric car that s legal for highway driving.

2018: The electric car grows more popular as Norway becomes the first country in the world where 1 in every 10 cars is a plug-in electric car, either all-electric or hybrid.
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS AN ENGINE?
Engines are all around us. Cars, planes, and school buses are powered by engines. Homes, schools, towns, and cities run with electricity generated at power plants. It is engines that create the electricity. Engines power our lives!
The words engine and motor are often used as though they are the same. People might say the car s engine or the car s motor to talk about the thing that powers the car. But in a car, there are several motors moving different things, such as the windows or the seats. There is only one engine that creates a force to make the car move.
An engine is a motor that changes heat energy into mechanical force and motion .
INVESTIGATE!

How are engines today different from engines in ancient times?
WORDS TO KNOW

engine: a machine that changes heat energy into mechanical force and motion.
electricity: a form of energy caused by the movement of tiny particles called electrons. It provides power for lights, appliances, video games, and many other electric devices.
motor: a machine that turns electrical energy into motion.
force: a push or pull applied to an object that changes an object s motion.
heat energy: energy that comes from heat.
mechanical force: a force that requires energy and contact with another object.
motion: the action or process of moving or changing place or position.
fuel: a material used to produce heat or power.
mechanical energy: energy that uses physical parts you can see, such as the parts of a machine. It is related to motion and height.
machine: a device that transmits a force or motion.
energy: the ability to do work.
combustion: burning fuel to produce energy.
catapult: a large war machine used to hurl objects at an enemy.
siege: surrounding a place, such as a city, to cut off supplies. It forces those inside to eventually give up.
Engines are powered by fuel -they burn fuel to make mechanical energy .
A motor is a machine that changes other kinds of energy into mechanical energy , which produces motion. Motors are powered by electricity or batteries. Engines use heat or combustion . Usually, motors are quieter than engines.
IN THE BEGINNING
Long before people thought of engines as ways to power cars or rockets or factories, the word engine had a different meaning. The ancient Greeks, Romans, and Chinese all thought of engines as devices that used a force to launch a missile at an enemy. There was no heat or combustion involved, just a lot of motion and energy.
Have you ever seen a catapult in action? This is a siege engine. Siege warfare is how ancient people fought their battles. Their armies surrounded a town or castle to stop all food and supplies from getting to the people who lived there.
WORDS TO KNOW

dung: solid animal waste.
engineering: the use of science, math, and creativity in the design and construction of things.
With food and supplies cut off, soon it was easy to capture the town. This was the siege. Siege weapons helped the attackers threaten the town.
Early catapults were built to fire objects over castle and city walls. Ancient warriors used their catapults to launch different objects at the enemy. They shot stones, arrows, pots of fire, burning tar, dung , and even dead animals! As time passed and ancient people learned more about engineering and math, they built siege engines that were more powerful and had better aim.

A TREBUCHET, A TYPE OF SIEGE ENGINE

Watch this video about a modern-day group building a different ancient siege engine-a trebuchet!

GIANT TREBUCHET DAILY PLANET
There is a huge difference between those early weapons and the devices that power trains, planes, and cars today. Yet the same word-engine-is used for all of them.
WORDS TO KNOW

CE: put after a date, CE stands for Common Era and counts up from zero. BCE stands for Before Common Era and counts down to zero. This book was printed in 2021 CE.
circa: when an exact date isn t known, we use the word circa, which has the abbreviation c.
aeolipile: a spinning ball invented by Greek mathematician Hero that uses steam to move. steam engine: an engine that burns wood or coal to heat water and create steam. The steam generates power to run the engine.
sphere: a round shape that looks like a ball.
STEAMY!
In the first century CE , a Greek inventor named Hero of Alexandria ( circa 10-70) dreamed up a rocket-like gadget called the aeolipile . This was a simple steam engine . Historians believe Hero s device was the first working steam engine.
Hero used two pipes to fasten an empty sphere on top of a water kettle. The sphere had two L-shaped tubes coming out of it. Hero built a fire under the water kettle and boiled water, turning it to steam. The steam traveled through pipes into the sphere and escaped through the L-shaped tubes. Those escaping gases made the aeolipile turn.
Hero did not see any good uses for his aeolipile. He saw it as a toy! Yet in some ways, Hero s aeolipile worked similarly to the forces that power aircraft and rockets today.

WORDS TO KNOW

mine: to dig something out of the ground. Also, the site where materials are mined.
horsepower: the amount of power a horse uses when moving, used to measure the rate work is being done.
Fast-forward to the 1600s. Many inventors were building machines powered by steam. An inventor named Jer nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont (1553-1613) invented a way to use these steam-powered machines to solve the problem of how to move water out of flooded mines , which was a real danger to miners. Inventor Thomas Savery (1650-1715) improved on the designs.

For more than 100 years, inventors continued to make the steam engine work better. People still used these machines to pump out flooded mines, but in 1776, James Watt (1736-1819) and Matthew Boulton (1728-1809) decided the steam engine could be used for more than pumping mine water. They built a steam engine where they could control the engine s speed. This was a big step forward.
The new kind of steam engine was a huge success. By the 1800s, steam engines were used for all kinds of jobs. Across the United Kingdom and the United States, the steam engine powered factories and mills.

DID YOU KNOW?
Horsepower is a unit of measurement. It describes the power of an engine. Ja