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65 pages

English

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Did you know that hydropower supplies 16 percent of all electricity worldwide? And there are more than 57,000 big dams around the world!Canals and Dams! With 25 Science Projects for Kids invites kids ages 7 though 10 to investigate the waterways that help the world run! Through fun facts and engaging content, readers explore record-breaking structures such as the Panama Canal and Hoover Dam. They also learn about the physics that make canals and dams work! Elementary-aged kids discover how hundreds of years of innovation created the canals and dams we know today and how this technology affects people and the environment. Discover how one dam can both supply electricity to entire cities, and flood entire towns, and how one canal can cut trade routes in half!Did you know that hydropower supplies 16 percent of all electricity worldwide? And there are more than 57,000 big dams around the world!Canals and Dams! With 25 Science Projects for Kids invites kids ages 7 though 10 to investigate the waterways that help the world run! Through fun facts and engaging content, readers explore record-breaking structures such as the Panama Canal and Hoover Dam. They also learn about the physics that make canals and dams work! Elementary-aged kids discover how hundreds of years of innovation created the canals and dams we know today and how this technology affects people and the environment. Discover how one dam can both supply electricity to entire cities, and flood entire towns, and how one canal can cut trade routes in half!Through 25 hands-on projects that use materials found around the house or classroom, kids will explore the mechanisms that make canals and dams work. Engaging STEM projects and experiments, such as engineering a beaver dam and experimenting with water, help kids break down the small processes behind big structures! By combining science with fun facts, jokes, activities, and experiments, kids will have an exciting adventure exploring the world's canals and dams, while links to primary sources offer ample opportunity for further student-led exploration.Canals and Dams! With 25 Science Projects for Kids is part of a set of four Explore Engineering books. In the Explore Engineering set, readers ages 7 to 10 learn the physics behind the things they build: Why does a tower of blocks eventually fall? Why does a tunnel sometimes cave in? Through a series of focused, science-minded activities that require critical thinking paired with creative trial-and-error attempts at building, readers develop foundational understanding of the physics that guides the building and maintenance of bridges, canals, tunnels, and skyscrapers. Titles in the Explore Engineering set include Bridges! With 25 Science Projects for Kids;Canals and Dams! With 25 Science Projects for Kids; Tunnels! With 25 Science Projects for Kids; and Skyscrapers! With 25 Science Projects for Kids.!Nomad Press books in the Explore Your World series for children ages 7-10 integrate content with participation. Common Core State Standards, the Next Generation Science Standards, and STEM Education all place project-based learning as key building blocks in education. Combining content with inquiry-based projects stimulates learning and makes it active and alive. Nomad's unique approach simultaneously grounds kids in factual knowledge while allowing them the space to be curious, creative, and critical thinkers.

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Publié par	Nomad Press
Date de parution	01 août 2018
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781619306462
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	5 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0500€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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Titles in the Explore Engineering Set

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Printed in the United States of America.
CONTENTS
Timeline
Introduction Let s Explore Canals and Dams
Chapter 1 Why Do We Build Canals and Dams?
Chapter 2 Engineering and Design
Chapter 3 Building Dams
Chapter 4 Cool Canals
Chapter 5 Famous Canals and Dams
Glossary * Metric Conversions Resources * Essential Questions * Index

Interested in primary sources? Look for this icon. Use a smartphone or tablet app to scan the QR code and explore more! Photos are also primary sources because a photograph takes a picture at the moment something happens.
If the QR code doesn t work, there s a list of URLs on the Resources page. Or, try searching the internet with the Keyword Prompts to find other helpful sources.

KEYWORD PROMPTS
canals and dams
TIMELINE

3000 BCE: Jawa Dam is built in Mesopotamia.

2700 BCE: The ancient Egyptians build one the earliest dams, the Sadd el-Kafara Dam along the Nile River.

1200 BCE-800 BCE: Ancestors of Native Americans build Las Capas in present-day Arizona. This is the oldest canal system in North America.

520 BCE-510 BCE: Persian emperor Darius I builds a canal from the Nile River to the Red Sea.

THIRD-THIRTEENTH CENTURY CE: The Chinese build several dams and canals to prevent flooding and to improve transportation.

FIFTH CENTURY CE: Work begins on the 1,100-mile Grand Canal in China. It is completed during the Sui Dynasty (581-618 CE).

1179-1209: The Naviglio Grande is a canal built to bring marble from quarries to Milan, Italy, for use on a cathedral.

1500: Artist and scientist Leonardo da Vinci invents the mitered lock gate, allowing canals of different levels to be joined together.

1642: The Briare Canal in France joins the Seine River to the Loire River. Parts of the canal descend 206 feet in 32 miles.

1718: A system of levees is built to control flood waters along the Mississippi River at New Orleans, Louisiana.

1825: The Erie Canal in New York State opens. It connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean and opens western states to development.

1869: The Suez Canal joins the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. Cargo ships no longer have to sail the 6,000-mile-route around the tip of Africa.

1902: The first Aswan Dam on the Nile River is completed. For its time, the dam is a marvel of engineering.

1914: The Panama Canal is built across the Panama Isthmus, linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Cargo ships no longer have to sail the long route around the tip of South America.

1936: Work is completed on the Hoover Dam on the border of Nevada and Arizona. The dam harnesses the power of the Colorado River.

1942: The Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River in the state of Washington opens. It is one of the largest concrete structures in the world.

1942: The All-American Canal opens along the border between the United States and Mexico. It is the longest irrigation canal in the world, bringing water from the Colorado River to California.

1959: The Saint Lawrence Seaway opens, linking the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean through a series of canals and locks.

1970: The Aswan High Dam on the Nile River opens. It creates a 300-milelong reservoir called Lake Nasser.

1982: Built by Brazil and Paraguay, the Itaipu Dam on the Paran River opens. The dam is one of the largest hydroelectric dams in the world.

2003: Three Gorges Dam across the Yangtze River in China begins operating. It is the world s largest hydroelectric dam.

FUTURE: When finished, the Rogun Dam in Tajikistan will be the tallest dam in the world at 1,263 feet tall.

INTRODUCTION
LET S EXPLORE CANALS AND DAMS
Have you ever traveled down a river in a boat? Rivers are very useful for getting people and things from one place to another. But what if there is no natural river flowing where people and things need to travel? One solution is to dig a canal !
A canal is a manmade channel of water. Often, you ll find canals working together with dams . Canals and dams are both structures that change the flow of water. This is useful for transportation, producing electricity, and getting water where it s needed.
WORDS TO KNOW

canal: a manmade channel used to deliver water.
dam: a wall, usually built across moving water, that holds some of it back.
structure: something that is built, such as a building, bridge, or tunnel.
engineering: using science, math, and creativity to design and build things.
irrigation: moving water through canals, ditches, or tunnels to water crops.
Canals and dams often work together as part of a system. One allows water to flow and the other stops water from flowing.
Have you ever heard of the Hoover Dam? This dam supplies 1.3 million people in Nevada, Arizona, and California with electricity. It sends water to people hundreds of miles away. It s as tall as a 60-story building! The Hoover Dam is an engineering marvel that is part of a system of canals and dams that allowed many of the great cities of the American Southwest to grow and thrive.
WHAT ARE CANALS?
A canal is built to move water from one place to another or to connect two bodies of water. Why would you want to do this?

Sometimes, people live far away from the water they need. Canals can bring water to farms, which can be used for irrigation to grow crops. Farm animals also need water. Canals can bring water to cities so people living there have water to drink and bathe in.

THE ALL-AMERICAN CANAL
(CREDIT: CHARLES O REAR, NATIONAL ARCHIVES)
For example, water from the Colorado River is brought by the All-American Canal from the Imperial Dam in Arizona to California s Imperial Valley. The valley has some of the most important farmland in the state. Approximately 75 different types of crops are grown there.
If you have a sip of tap water at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, it might have come from the Colorado River. Or it might have traveled all the way from the north of the state through a system of canals.
Canals are also built to link two bodies of water. This can make it easier for ships to get from one place to another. Before the Panama Canal was built in 1914, ships had to travel thousands of miles all the way around the tip of South America.
Going around South America was the only way to get between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Now, using the Panama Canal, ships can cut across Panama, traveling the 48 miles in just 8 to 10 hours.
WORDS TO KNOW

reservoir: an artificial lake used for storing water.
WHAT ARE DAMS?
A dam is an incredibly useful type of wall. It slows or holds back the flow of water. A dam is usually built across a river or a stream. As the dam slows the water down, an artificial lake forms behind it. This lake is called a reservoir .

A reservoir is like a giant bowl. Unlike the bowls in your kitchen, reservoirs can hold billions of gallons of water.
WORDS TO KNOW

force: a push or a pull that causes a change of motion in an object.
gravity: a force that pulls objects to the earth.
collapse: to fall in or down suddenly.
engineer: someone who uses science, math, and creativity to solve problems.
What can you do with all this water? Lots of things. You can build a canal to move some of it to where you need it! Or enjoy boating and swimming in it. The water held back by a dam can even be used to make electricity.
A dam can be one of the biggest structures in the world. It must be strong and stable to resist the forces pushing and pulling on it. The weight and flow of water is a force that pushes against a dam. Gravity is a physical force created by the earth that pulls down on the dam. If a dam doesn t resist these forces, it will collapse .

BEAVER DAM
Most of the dams we ll read about in this book are constructed by people, but humans are not the only ones who make dams! The American beaver is a busy engineer famous for its dam-building skills. Beavers build dams out of trees, branches, twigs, and mud to turn streams into ponds. In Wood Buffalo National Park in Alberta, Canada, the largest beaver dam in the world is approximately 2,790 feet long. That is twice the length of Hoover Dam, or roughly the length of nine football fields! The dam is so large that it can be seen from space.
You can see the official Parks Canada video showing this enormous dam at this website.

KEYWORD PROMPTS
Canada beaver dam video
WORDS TO KNOW

continent: one of seven large landmasses in the world.
environment: the natural world in which people, animals, and plants live.
CANALS AND DAMS ARE EVERYWHERE
Canals and dams are built all over the world. In fact, people have built canals and dams in six of the seven continents (Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe, and Australia).
In this book, you ll discover what canals and dams are, why we build them, and how they impact people and the environment . You ll learn about how engineers approach problems by using the engineering design process to find solutions. You ll even use the engineering design process to work on your own engineering projects!

The book will also share some cool facts. Some dams are giant mega structures. They make the pyramids of Egypt look small. These super dams stand as tall as skyscrapers!
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