Summary of Elinor Cleghorn's Unwell Women , livre ebook

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40 pages

English

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Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book.
Sample Book Insights:
#1 The Hippocratic Corpus, a collection of medical discourse attributed to Hippocrates of Kos, the Greek physician known as the father of medicine, from the Classical era, fourth and fifth centuries BCE, revolutionized medicine. He taught that ill health arose from imbalances in the body, and he invented the patient case study.
#2 The Hippocratic Corpus, which was written by Hippocrates, was based on the teachings of him and his followers. It described many different symptoms that women suffered from, from puberty to menstruation to pregnancy and menopause.
#3 The Hippocratic Corpus, written around the mid-third century BCE, described the uterus as a living creature that became vexed and aggrieved if its desires for childbearing were not met.
#4 The uterus was considered the dominant force behind so many illnesses and symptoms of women in ancient Greece and Rome. Christian theology and mythology spread these beliefs across Europe in the first century CE, and medical writings legitimized this by making women’s bodies subordinate to the whims of their organs.

Sujets

Women's Studies

Social Science

Sociologie, société et politique

Informations

Publié par	Everest Media LLC
Date de parution	03 mai 2022
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781669398813
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0150€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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Insights on Elinor Cleghorn's Unwell Women
Contents Insights from Chapter 1 Insights from Chapter 2 Insights from Chapter 3
Insights from Chapter 1

#1

The Hippocratic Corpus, a collection of medical discourse attributed to Hippocrates of Kos, the Greek physician known as the father of medicine, from the Classical era, fourth and fifth centuries BCE, revolutionized medicine. He taught that ill health arose from imbalances in the body, and he invented the patient case study.

#2

The Hippocratic Corpus, which was written by Hippocrates, was based on the teachings of him and his followers. It described many different symptoms that women suffered from, from puberty to menstruation to pregnancy and menopause.

#3

The Hippocratic Corpus, written around the mid-third century BCE, described the uterus as a living creature that became vexed and aggrieved if its desires for childbearing were not met.

#4

The uterus was considered the dominant force behind so many illnesses and symptoms of women in ancient Greece and Rome. Christian theology and mythology spread these beliefs across Europe in the first century CE, and medical writings legitimized this by making women’s bodies subordinate to the whims of their organs.

#5

The early Middle Ages was a time when women were treated as inferior creatures, and their medical care was provided by female healers or midwives. But when a woman did see a medici, her symptoms were often blamed on the manifold and diverse forces of the womb.

#6

The ancient Greeks believed that the uterus would return to its rightful place if a woman inhaled bad odors. But Soranus believed that this was an impediment to women’s healing. He believed that the symptoms of womb suffocation were caused by the uterus being constricted with inflammation from menstrual problems, difficulties in childbirth, and menopause.

#7

The medieval Christian moral laws forbade physicians from physically examining any woman, and this meant that women’s bodies were shrouded in secrecy and shame. The dimmest views of female biology were continued into the Middle Ages.

#8

The town of Salerno in southern Italy became the most important institution of medical teaching and learning from the eleventh century. It was also the first to train women as physicians. The masters of Salerno based their teaching of women’s medicine on many different sources, including the works of Hippocrates, Soranus, and Galen of Pergamon.

#9

The Trotula was a book written by a female physician that sought to help and heal women, not punish and condemn them. But by the fourteenth century, women physicians were prohibited from practicing professionally across Europe.

#10

In 1405, Christine de Pizan, the only professional woman of letters in France, wrote The Book of the City of Ladies, with its imaginary forum where female saints and prophets, scribes, poets, inventors, artists, and warriors are celebrated and championed on their own terms.

#11

De Pizan was also critical of the popular Latin treatise On the Secrets of Women, which she believed was written by a priest to celibate monks and priests. She believed it was a way of enshrining derogatory beliefs about women and their bodies into a new regime of professional medical knowledge.

#12

The book Secrets of Women, written by a man, was intended for men who had vowed never to have intimate contact with a woman’s body or learn about what it was actually like to live inside one. It spread vicious fictions and titillating lies.

#13

The author of Secrets of Women, a book that promoted the idea that women are full of poisonous substances that can cause illness and death, was put on trial for practicing medicine without a license.

#14

The Black Death, a plague that swept through Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, killed an estimated 20 million people. The symptoms and course of the disease were terrifying, and there was very little understanding of how diseases were transmitted.

#15

Heinrich Kramer was an inquisitor who traveled to Innsbruck to investigate anyone who might be practicing the dark arts. He brought accusations against a woman named Helena Scheuberin, who was eventually freed when it was proven that she had been an adulteress, but Kramer did not care. He had found his calling.

#16

The Malleus maleficarum was a book written by an inquisitor that detailed the ways in which witches caused evil in the world. It claimed that the devil needs agents on earth, and that the principal acts of women’s witchcraft are obstructing the generative act and procuring abortions.

#17

The Malleus Maleficarum was written by a Dominican priest named Heinrich Kramer in 1487. It was used as a guidebook for judges during witch trials, and it broadened the scope of what witchcraft entailed and who was likely to practice it.

#18

The Malleus Maleficarum and the many other witchcraft tracts that were written in the late fifteenth century inflamed the culture of horrifying persecution against women, which took its most devastating hold across Europe in the sixteenth century.

#19

The Witchcraft Act of 1542 in England meant that any person accused of witchcraft could be punished by death. The act was implemented after the English Reformation, which wrested control of the Church of England from the authority of the pope and the Catholic Church.

#20

In 1682, a woman in a farming town named Beckenton, Somerset, was accused of bewitching a young man and a young woman. She was tortured three more times, and each time, she floated. Her guilt was unassailable.

#21

In England, at the beginning of the seventeenth century, a physician and chemist named Edward Jorden was called as a medical witness in the trial of Elizabeth Jackson, an older woman accused of bewitching a shopkeeper’s fourteen-year-old daughter, Mary Glover.

#22

Briefe Discourse is considered the first work in English on symptoms associated with disorders of the uterus, which in the coming centuries would be diagnosed according to the all-encompassing medical model of hysteria.

#23

The uterus was a paradox for women, representing their divine purpose as hosts to the organ of creation, but it was also an unruly cauldron that could produce disorders that disturbed ideal feminine states.

#24

The uterus was the center of attention for Jorden and his contemporaries, as it was believed to be the center of women’s bodies. It was in close communication with other organs, especially the heart and liver.

#25

The uterus was the center of all the secrets of how human life began and developed. It was a foreign land that needed to be explored and understood.

#26

The representations of female anatomy in the Fabrica show how the uterus was positioned and its relationship to other organs, but when it came to how the organ actually worked, Vesalius’s rich visuals came up short. He wasn’t able to explain the physiology of menstruation, and he had to rely on animal dissections to figure out the changes the uterus went through during pregnancy.

#27

The claim to the discovery of a hitherto overlooked female pleasure organ, analogous to the penis, had been made in 1550 by Gabriele Fallopio, a student of Vesalius’s who succeeded Colombo at Padua in 1551. But Colombo was the first to publish his findings.

#28

The clitoris has been misrepresented, suppressed, and even omitted from anatomical and gynecological literature until very recently. It was only in 2005 that Professor Helen O’Connell, Australia’s first female urologist, revealed that the glans makes up only about a fifth of this wishbone-shaped organ that extends its legs into the tissue of the vulva.

#29

As the eighteenth century progressed, anatomical understanding of women’s bodies expanded beyond its prudish and censured beginnings. But as medicine began to shed some of the oppressive superstitions of its darker past, women would become even more vulnerable to pathological ideas about their feeble minds and inferior constitutions.