Learning Diplomacy , livre ebook

Xlibris US - Luigi R. Einaudi

Découvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement

Je m'inscris

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

305 pages

English

Vous pourrez modifier la taille du texte de cet ouvrage

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

A propos
Informations
Extrait

Description

“Luigi’s life of public service is not only impressive quantitatively; the quality of his contribution to the conduct of diplomacy in this Hemisphere has been outstanding, indeed historic.”
Henry A. Kissinger

Sujets

Reference

Research

Informations

Publié par	Xlibris US
Date de parution	19 janvier 2023
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781669858188
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	2 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0200€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training
Foreign Affairs Oral History Project

Learning Diplomacy

An Oral History

AMBASSADOR LUIGI R. EINAUDI

Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy and Robin Matthewman
Initial interview date: May 17, 2013

Copyright © 2023 by Luigi R. Einaudi and The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training.

ISBN:
Softcover
978-1-6698-5819-5
eBook
978-1-6698-5818-8

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Getty Images are models, and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.
Certain stock imagery © Getty Images.

Rev. date: 01/18/2023

Xlibris
844-714-8691
www.Xlibris.com
542252

Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training
FOREWORD
For over 235 years extraordinary diplomats have served the United States at home and abroad with courage and dedication. Yet their accomplishments in promoting and protecting American interests often remain little known to their compatriots.
ADST (adst.org) is an independent, nonprofit organization committed to capturing, preserving, and sharing the experiences of America’s diplomats. Founded in 1986, we have the world’s largest collection of U.S. diplomatic oral history—available on our website and through the Library of Congress. This rich resource is available without charge to scholars, practicing diplomats, journalists, and ordinary citizens all around the world. But that is not all we do. We support the training of foreign affairs personnel at the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute. We also conduct educational outreach, produce podcasts and videos, and have an active social media program. And we have facilitated the publication of over 100 books by members of the Foreign Service and others.
Thank you for your interest in American diplomacy. We urge you to visit us at adst.org and make a donation to support this important and fascinating work. Because diplomacy matters.
Susan R. Johnson
President
Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training

PREFACE
This account begins with family and education, then focuses on my diplomatic career. As in other ADST interviews, the discussion proceeds chronologically. My family background in the search for knowledge and public service was followed by the discovery of Latin America through student politics and an apprenticeship in the relations of knowledge to power at RAND. This led to a quarter century at the State Department, followed later by five years at the Organization of American States. My State Department career began and ended with tours on the Secretary of State’s Policy Planning Staff, the first under Republican Presidents, the second under a Democratic one. Highlights included working under Henry Kissinger, revolution and counterrevolution in Central America, and ending the war between Ecuador and Peru. At the Organization of American States, first as the U.S. Ambassador, and later as an elected Assistant Secretary General and a year as interim Secretary General, I sought to strengthen regional support for democracy, helped resolve boundary disputes in Central America and had a speaking role in the tragedy of Haiti.
My interviewers and I discuss the workings of government, its people, and the complexities of theorizing about politics. Our dialogue brings out internal stresses within administrations, the difficulties of rendering foreign policy coherent, both domestically and multilaterally, and the pains and infrequent joys of conflict resolution and peace-making. A variety of U.S., Latin American and Caribbean leaders and governing experiences give life to the tale.
The concluding “Afterwords” try to bring together elements of what is needed to advance U.S. interests in today’s world, which calls simultaneously for rootedness to defend our interests and empathy to prevent others’ problems from engulfing us as well. Our unparalleled strength is limited by our difficulties in listening, in respecting the sovereignty of others, and in working for democracy among countries -- not just within them. These blind spots hamper our ability to complement our national power by engaging multilaterally – a tool essential to dealing with an increasingly complicated world.
The events described here also make evident the damages caused by lack of resources for diplomacy and inadequate career support for the Foreign Service, particularly as compared to the training and promotion policies of the Department of Defense.
These dialogues began in 2013 in a series of interviews conducted by Charles Stewart Kennedy. After further questions by Robin Matthewman, I edited the transcript with materials gleaned from piles of contemporary notes and documents, some of which appear as appendices. None of this makes up for all I have forgotten! But if the account omits a great deal, the text occasionally touches on things I did not know at the time. I can at least say that it is accurate to the absolute best of my abilities.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Those who sustained me along the way are part of me: my wife Carol and our children, Maria, Elisabeth, Mario and Peter, all of whom were affected by my many obsessions. I also owe much to the entire Einaudi, Michels and Urban clans.
Great is the debt to my two Foreign Service interviewers, Stu Kennedy and Robin Matthewman. Other ADST stalwarts were Susan Johnson, Lisa Terry, Margery Thompson, and Heather Ashe. Aubrey Molitor and Sophia Reitich helped me overcome the hurdles of permissions and refinement. At the Columbus Memorial Library of the Organization of American States, Stella Villagrán and Rocio Suarez provided constant encouragement along with documentary support.
Those who shared in the events and their telling include Leo Rios, Lynn Sicade, Matt Evangelista, Caesar Sereseres, Francisco Villagrán, David Randolph, Stephen McFarland, Mary Ellen Gilroy, David Spencer, Ciro de Falco, Clement Moore Henry, James Michel, Todd Greentree, Paul Spencer, Fernando Andrade, and Michael Shifter. Their recollections provided both fun and perspective.
I was also spurred on in various ways by Amalia de Luigi, Eamonn Gearon, Joan Affleck and Nepier Smith, David Greenwood, Sandra Honoré, Frank Mora, Jay Cope, Robert Maguire, Ed and Ellen Casey, Michele Manatt, Johanna Mendelson, Beatrice Rangel, Paolo Soddu, Hugo de Zela, Francesco Tuccari, Roberto Marchionatti, Hirokazu Miyazaki, Paolo Silvestri, Jean Michel Arrighi, and Abe Lowenthal.
I am grateful to them all. I hope you, the reader, will benefit from our efforts.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Family Background
Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts 1936
The Einaudis
Grandfather Einaudi’s lessons
The Michels

Schooling
Phillips Exeter Academy 1950–1953
BA in Government, Harvard University 1953–1957
The National Student Association
Carol Peacock
The Urbans and Peacocks

U.S. Army Draftee
Fort Knox 1957
U.S. Army Europe HQ (USAREUR) in Heidelberg, Germany 1958–1959

Graduate School
PhD at Harvard University 1959–1961
Teaching Fellow
The student movement and Cuba
McGeorge Bundy and the Bay of Pigs
Instructor in Government—Wesleyan University 1961–1962

Rand
Researcher—The RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, California 1962–1973
Research on the third world—Africa, Asia, and Latin America
Teaching political science at UCLA
Researching Peruvian military in Lima, Peru 1964-1965
Head of Social Science research on Latin America
Worked with Pentagon, Air Force, and NSC
Identifying Foreign Trends
“The ‘System’ does not work”
Negotiated RAND’s first contract with State Department
U.S.-Peruvian relations after 1968 military coup

State Policy Planning
Washington, D.C.— Foreign Service Reserve Officer on the Secretary’s Policy Planning Staff 1974–1977
Winston Lord, Director of S/P
Henry Kissinger, Secretary of State
Rise and fall of Chile’s President Allende
Pinochet Coup and U.S.
Launch of Global Outlook Program (GLOP)
U.S.-Latin America relations
Speech writing for Kissinger
Marcona expropriation in Peru
Travels with Kissinger
Transition, Panama Canal review and first Country Reports on Human Rights

ARA/PPC
Washington, D.C.—Director of the Inter-American Bureau’s Office of Policy Planning and Coordination 1977–1989
Tour of Caribbean Basin with Andrew Young
Terence Todman and Human rights (see also Appendix Three)
Argentine Dirty War
Viron Peter Vaky and interagency coordination
Presidential Review Memorandum 32 on Mexico
Revolution and Counterrevolution in Central America
Partisan politics at home
Attempted synthesis (Appendix One)
Tom Enders and El Salvador policy
Role of Roman Catholic Church
Building the Center in El Salvador
Escape to Woodrow Wilson Center
The RIG replaces the IG
The Contras
The Guatemalan elections of 1985
Military relations, the School of the Americas, and Vernon Walters
Support for democracy: the CIA, German Stiftungen and the NED
Speechwriting and publications
Intervention in Grenada
Bombs and bullets

USOAS
Washington D.C