107 pages

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Helicopter Maneuvers Manual , livre ebook

Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. - Ryan Dale

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107 pages

English

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A propos
Informations
Extrait

Description

Providing a detailed look at helicopter maneuvers, the information in this guide helps to solidify concepts gained from flight training in a student pilot's mind by incorporating the Practical Test Standards into every maneuver description. The graphical and textual explanations work in conjunction with an instructor's lessons, allowing students to prepare before sessions and to review afterwards as well.There are many guides to flight maneuvers and how to fly them in airplanes but none specifically made for helicopters, and not in the complete and fully color-illustrated way as presented in "Helicopter Maneuvers Manual." This handbook will be of immense help to flight instructors teaching helicopter maneuvers, following the FAA's practical test standards for certification of helicopter pilots. This book not only helps in training but can also be used for reference throughout the helicopter pilot's flight career. It provides readers with a crystal-clear picture of what level of performance is expected of them every step and includes insights into the common errors associated with each move.

Informations

Publié par	Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.
Date de parution	01 février 2014
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781560279082
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	9 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0998€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Helicopter Maneuvers A step-by-step illustrated guide to Manual performing all helicopter flight operations Ryan Dale

Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. Newcastle, Washington

Helicopter Maneuvers Manual by Ryan Dale

Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. 7005 132nd Place SE Newcastle, Washington 98059-3153

Visit the ASA website often (www.asa2y.com, Product Updates) to înd updates posted there due to FAA regulation, policy, or procedure changes that may affect this book.

© 2011 Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, xerographic, audio/visual record, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and Ryan Dale assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. None of the material in this guide supersedes any documents, procedures, or regulations issued by the Federal Aviation Administration.

Illustrations based on the author’s original drawings. Cover photo: Robinson Helicopter Company

ASA-HELI-FM-PD PDF eBook ISBN 978-1-56027-908-2 Print Book ISBN 978-1-56027-891-7

Helicopter Maneuvers Manual

Contents

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v

Chapter 1Ground Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Preight Inspection 2 Engine Starting and Rotor Engagement 6 Before Takeoff Check 10 Vertical Takeoff to a Hover 12 Surface Taxi 14 Hover Taxi 16 Hovering Exercises 18 Vertical Landing from a Hover 22 Post-Flight Procedures 24

Chapter 2Basic Maneuvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Straight-and-Level Flight 28 Normal Climbs 30 Normal Descents 32 Level Turns 34 Acceleration 36 Deceleration 38

Chapter 3Airport Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Normal Takeoff from a Hover 42 Normal Takeoff from the Surface 44 Trafîc Pattern Operations 46 Normal Approach to a Hover 48 Normal Approach to the Surface 50 Go-Around Procedure 52

iii

Chapter 4Performance Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb 56 High Altitude (Running) Takeoff 58 High Altitude (Running) Landing 60 Steep Approach to a Hover 62 Steep Approach to the Surface 64 Rapid Decelerations (Quick Stops) 66

Chapter 5Off-Airport Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 Slope Operations 70 High/Low Reconnaissance 72 Conîned Area Operations 74 Pinnacle/Platform Operations 76

Chapter 6Emergency Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Straight-In Autorotation with Power Recovery 80 180° Autorotation with Power Recovery 82 Power Failure at a Hover (Hovering Autorotation) 84 Power Failure at Altitude (Forced Landings) 86 Low Rotor RPM Recognition and Recovery 88 Settling-With-Power 90 Tail Rotor Failure 92

Appendix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97 Private Checklist 97 Commercial Checklist 97 Flight Instructor Checklist 98

Helicopter Maneuvers Manual

Introduction

The purpose of this book is to help new pilots visualize each ight maneuver before ever stepping into the helicopter, and to provide ight instructors with a resource to help transfer knowledge to the student. I’ve spent many hours draw-ing maneuvers on the whiteboard to help illustrate exactly what to do or expect at each point in a maneuver. This repetition and my lack of freehand drawing skills motivated me to sit down and write a clear, concise deînition with detailed illustrations for each maneuver in the helicopter Practical Test Standards (PTS). Included in this guide are all the maneuvers required for the private and commercial checkride with detailed explanations to help visualize the maneuvers step-by-step. I have also included practical tips for both students and instructors, covering common errors and ways to accelerate the learning process. The advan-tage of this book is that it can be used with all makes and models of helicopters. I’ve also included speciîc tips for the popular Robinson R22 helicopter. — Ryan Dale

The following acronyms and terms are used throughout this book.

A/FD —Airport/Facility Directory AGL— above ground level CAT— carburetor air temperature CG— center of gravity ETL— effective translational lift KIAS — knots indicated airspeed LMP— limit manifold pressure MAP— manifold air pressure MCP— maximum continuous power MEL— minimum equipment list M/R—main rotor

OGE— out of ground effect P/C links—pitch change links PIC — pilot-in-command POH — Pilot’s Operating Handbook PTS — Practical Test Standards RFM — Rotorcraft Flight Manual RPM — revolutions per minute T/R— tail rotor VSI—vertical speed indicator V—best rate-of-climb speed Y

abeam.On a line at a right angle to the aircraft. anti-torque pedal.Located under your feet, these pedals change the pitch of the tail rotor that counteracts the torque of the main rotor. attitude.Synonymous with pitch of the helicopter. backside of power curve.Because of the “U” shape of the lift/drag graph, the slower the helicopter is, the more power is required maintaining altitude. collective.Located at your left hand, this collectively changes the pitch of all the main rotor blades. (Continued)

Coriolis effect.The force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation. correlator.A mechanical linkage that opens the throttle when the collective is raised, and closes the throttle when the collective is lowered. crab.Occurs when the heading of the helicopter does not match the ground track due to wind. cyclic.Located at your right hand, this changes the pitch of the main rotor blade in its plane of rotation. detent.A mechanical catch that allows the collective to be raised or lowered, and that will override the correlator so as to not open the throttle. dynamic rollover.The lateral rolling tendency of the helicopter when one wheel or skid is stuck while the helicopter is attempting to hover. leeward.The backside of an obstacle that faces away from the wind. rotor mast.The part of the helicopter between the main rotor and the rest of the helicopter. slip.Ignoring wind and aligning the heading of the helicopter to the ground track. translating tendency.Tendency of the helicopter to drift laterally. vertical în, or vertical stabilizer.Located at the rear most portion of the helicopter (often referred to as the tail).

Helicopter Maneuvers Manual

Chapter 1 Ground Operations

Preight Inspection 2 Engine Starting and Rotor Engagement 6 Before Takeoff Check 10 Vertical Takeoff to a Hover 12 Surface Taxi 14 Hover Taxi 16 Hovering Exercises 18 Vertical Landing from a Hover 22 Post-Flight Procedures 24

GROUND OPERATIONS

Preight Inspection

Purpose The pilot is the înal authority in determining the airworthiness of the helicopter. This can be accomplished by conducting a visual inspection of the aircraft and aircraft documents.

Description Prior to a visual inspection, check the maintenance logs to ensure compliance with: • Annual inspections (once every 12 calendar months) • Pitot-static/transponder Inspections (once every 24 calendar months) • Airworthiness directives • 100-hour inspections (if required) • Oil changes (if required) • Minimum equipment lists (MEL) (if associated with the helicopter)

After inspecting the maintenance records, proceed to the aircraft and ensure that the required paperwork is on board prior to ight. The acronymARROWis a great tool to help you remember what is required: Airworthiness Certiîcate Registration Certiîcate Radio Station License (required when ying outside the US) OPilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) or Rotorcraft Flight Manual (RFM)perating Handbook— W—This includes an equipment list speciîc to the helicoptereight and Balance

Now is a good time to check the fuel level so additional fuel can be ordered if necessary. After îlling the tank, allow time for the fuel to settle and any contaminants that might be present to sink to the bottom before checking the fuel quality.

1Main Rotor Transmission Access Cowl doors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Open Static source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Check Master switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . On Warning lights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Check Fuel gauge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Check quantity Master switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Off Fuel quantity/cap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Conîrm and secure M/R transmission bolts and mounts. . . . . . . . . . .Secure, check for slippage M/R trans: oil level, Telatemp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Check M/R trans: chip detector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wiring and safety Upper frame assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Check for bends, cracks; secure T/R push-pull tube. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Check condition, secure; check travel, play Forward ex coupling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Check bolts for slippage, cracks Middle ex coupling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . Check bolts for slippage, cracks Clutch actuator bearing and Telatemp. . . . . . . . .Check condition T/R bell crank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Secure; check travel, play V-belts and pulley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Check condition Wiring harness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . Check condition and secure Sheet metal structures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Inspect rivets; check for wrinkles and cracks Cowl door. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Closed

Helicopter Maneuvers Manual