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I. GENERAL ACTIVITIES OF LIVING ORGANISMS.

The casual observer, even if he watches thoughtfully the various activities of plants and animals, would hardly believe these activities capable of classification into two general classes. He notes the germination of the plant seed and its early growth, step by step approaching a stage of maturity; it blossoms, produces seed, and if it is an annual plant, withers and dies. If it is a perennial plant its leaves only, wither and die at the approach of winter, the plant passing into a resting stage from which it awakes the following spring to repeat again its annual cycle.

If he observes an animal he finds that it similarly develops to a stage of maturity, reproduces its kind, withers and dies; but incident to these general activities he notes numerous others that seem to have no relation to the activity of the plant. He sees men tilling the fields, felling the forests, building houses, factories and railroads; ...

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Publié par	eBookIt.com
Date de parution	27 mars 2013
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781456615444
Langue	English

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The Biology, Physiology and Sociology of Reproduction

Winfield S. Hall

Digital edition produced & published by Sai ePublications www.saiepublications.com
LETTERS FROM PROMINENT EDUCATORS
"I consider the treatment of the subject the most sane and practical that I know of, and therefore feel that I can conscientiously recommend the book most heartily. There is no subject so much hampered by ignorance, misconception and prejudice as that with which the book deals. I am sure the treatment of the matter will result in a more wholesome and healthful conception of the entire subject."
— Dr. Henry F. Kallenberg, The Institute and Training School of Young Men's Christian Associations.
"Chapter four naturally brings everything to a practical focus and seems to me admirable. Chapter five, too, impressed me as very useful. The topical questions and their answers in the appendix was a very happy thought and adds materially to the value of the book."
— Dr. G. Stanley Hall, President Clark University.
"I have gone through the book carefully and I am greatly pleased with it. I think it is admirably adapted to the needs and temperament of college men, and possibly all men. The topics discussed are of prime importance and interest for young men, the method of presentation is in all respects commendable, and the style is practical and concrete. The book ought to find its way into the hands of a great many young men. It should be in the hands of fathers and even mothers who have sons in the adolescent period."
— Prof. M.V. O'Shea, University of Wisconsin.
"I have no hesitancy in saying that it is by far the best presentation of this very important subject that I have ever seen. It answers many important questions for which I have seen no answer elsewhere."
— Prof. William R. Manning, Purdue University.
"I have heard the lecture and read the book and do not hesitate to recommend it. It is all that a young man needs to read to inform him of his duties and his perils in this matter. The ethical ideals are high and the advice sensible and wise."
— Dr. Charles R. Henderson, Department of Sociology, University of Chicago.
"Some day Sexual Hygiene will have a place in the curriculum of every college. It is a subject that every college man does consider in one way or another, but often ignorantly, or under unwise guidance. Dr. Hall's book is so simple and sane as well as scientific, that I wish it might be in the hands of every college man in the country."
— Dr. George A. Coe, Northwestern University.
"I consider it admirable in both conception and execution. So far as I know, it is unique in its presentation of these matters, especially on the hygienic side and shall be pleased to recommend it at every opportunity."
— Dr. William T. Belfield, Bush Medical College, University of Chicago.
"The book seems to me calculated to be very useful, and should be in the hands of a large number of college undergraduates."
— Dr. Isaac Sharpless, President Haverford College.
"I have read the book and had other priests read it and all concur in my opinion that it is destined to become a powerful auxiliary to our young men in their struggle for a purer life. The language is not vague, but to the point, and every young man will understand it."
— Rev. A.M. Kirsch, University of Notre Dame.
"I have the strongest praise for the book as a whole—the biological foundation, directness, freedom from cant and prudery and the practical way in which the author gets to the level of his readers."
— Dr. C. Judson Herrick, Denison University, Ohio.
"I have read Dr. Hall's book with the keenest curiosity and interest. Why could not such a book have been in the hands of the youth of the past generations? We should have been all the better for it. The work seems to me to be simply and plainly stated. With such apparent thoroughness and good sense, good taste, I am sure the book will commend itself to every thoughtful reader."
— Dr. Chas. M. Stuart, Garrett Biblical Institute, Evanston, Illinois.

To the YOUNG MAN, who is devoting years of his life to secure the HIGHEST DEGREE OF DEVELOPMENT of those powers of BODY and MIND that are to be HIS INSTRUMENTS in solving LIFE'S PROBLEMS, this little volume is DEDICATED in the spirit of FRATERNITY.
THE AUTHOR.
PREFACE TO SIXTH EDITION
The cordial reception given to this little book by the medical profession, by educators, and especially by the young men of the country, have by their demands for the book necessitated the appearance of new editions in such rapid succession that no far-reaching changes in the text have been possible even if they had been needed. Happily, no extensive changes have been required.
In the second edition several corrections, typographical and verbal, were made and additions made to the appendix. To the third edition the chapter on Development was added. The fourth and fifth editions received verbal changes here and added paragraphs there.
The sixth edition differs from the fifth in the addition of the author's portrait as a frontispiece, the addition of an answered question to the appendix and the listing of certain lecture topics, with press notices and letters.
The book seems to be meeting a demand for accurate information briefly and clearly stated.
THE AUTHOR.
Chicago, November 1, 1908.
FOREWORD
Several years ago the author was asked by his students to present to them some of the facts of Sexual Physiology and Hygiene. The plea of "not a specialist in that line" was not accepted; so after a few weeks devoted to a careful study of the literature the subject was presented. It seemed to be acceptable, and other invitations followed in successive years not only from the author's own institution but from many others.
In the last few years the subject has been presented at all of the leading institutions of learning in the middle west—at some of them several times and always to large audiences.
In response to repeated requests for "a book" the author has finally prepared this brief volume in which he has endeavored to present a difficult subject in the true university spirit, frankly calling things by their right names, always keeping in close accord with the latest researches.
It is hoped that the chapter on Hygiene will in itself be a justification for the book.
WINFIELD S. HALL, Chicago.
December, 1906.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER IMAGE
TITLE PAGE
LETTERS FROM PROMINENT EDUCATORS
PREFACE TO SIXTH EDITION
FOREWORD
CHAPTER I: REPRODUCTION FROM THE STANDPOINT OF BIOLOGY
CHAPTER II: ADOLESCENCE IN THE MALE
CHAPTER III: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE MALE GENITAL ORGANS
CHAPTER IV: SEXUAL HYGIENE OF THE ADOLESCENT MALE
CHAPTER V: HYGIENE
CHAPTER VI: DEVELOPMENT
APPENDIX
CHAPTER I: REPRODUCTION FROM THE STANDPOINT OF BIOLOGY
REPRODUCTION FROM THE STANDPOINT OF BIOLOGY
I. GENERAL ACTIVITIES OF LIVING ORGANISMS.
The casual observer, even if he watches thoughtfully the various activities of plants and animals, would hardly believe these activities capable of classification into two general classes. He notes the germination of the plant seed and its early growth, step by step approaching a stage of maturity; it blossoms, produces seed, and if it is an annual plant, withers and dies. If it is a perennial plant its leaves only, wither and die at the approach of winter, the plant passing into a resting stage from which it awakes the following spring to repeat again its annual cycle.
If he observes an animal he finds that it similarly develops to a stage of maturity, reproduces its kind, withers and dies; but incident to these general activities he notes numerous others that seem to have no relation to the activity of the plant. He sees men tilling the fields, felling the forests, building houses, factories and railroads; he sees them build hospitals, colleges and churches. Is it possible to group all of these activities of plants and animals into two general groups? A more critical view of these activities makes it evident that they are all directed either to the maintenance and protection of the individual, or the maintenance and protection of the race. Those directed towards the maintenance of self are called egoistic activities, while those directed to the maintenance of the race are called phyletic activities .
The Egoistic Activities .
The term egoistic implies that the effort is directed towards the ego or self, and includes all of those activities directed to the support, protection, defense and development of oneself. As illustrated in the plant organism, the taking of nourishment from the air and soil, the development of the stem, branches, roots and leaves, are egoistic activities. In the animal—we may take, for example, man—the egoistic activities begin with the drawing of nourishment from the mother's breast and include all those activities of early childhood usually called play, the real significance of which is to develop the neuro-muscular system and the special senses, to that condition of alertness and strength that will make the growing individual self-supporting. A very large part of the activities of the self-supporting human subject are directed towards the earning of his daily bread, and of clothing and shelter. The activities of the school and college period, devoted, as they are, almost exclusively to the development of the youth's powers, intellectual or physical, are also egoistic. Even the pursuit of pleasure and of sense gratification on the part of the individual belongs to this same group of activities.
The Phyletic Activities .
As the etymology of the term suggests, these activities are devoted to the propagation, maintenance and protection of the race.
a. Reproduction. —The most fundamental one of the activities for the maintenance of the race is reproduction. Every living organism, whether plant or animal, possesses the power to reproduce its kind. Some plants produce spores and some produce seeds. Refere