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Churchill and the Battle of Britain , livre ebook

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How did Winston Churchill inspire Britain and its Empire in the dark days of 1940, when defeat in World War II seemed imminent, and how did that lead to victory in the Battle of Britain? What choices did he have, what support and advice did he receive, and how did his decisions affect history and his legacy? This book looks at a momentous event from World War II, showing how one of the world's most famous leaders chose to follow a particular course of action.

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Publié par	Capstone Global Library
Date de parution	20 juin 2013
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781406269086
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	18 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0347€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Churchill and the Battle of Britain

Nicola Barber

Churchill and the Battle of Britain

Nicola Barber

© 2014 Heinemann Library aintree is an imprint of Capstone Global Library Limited, a company incorporated in England and Wales having its registered office at 7 Pilgrim Street, London, EC4V 6LB – Registered company number: 6695582

To contact Raintree:

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Outside Britain please telephone +44 1865 312262.

Text © Capstone Global Library Limited 2014

First published in hardback in 2014

The moral rights of the proprietor have been asserted.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner, except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS (www.cla.co.uk). Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission should be addressed to the publisher.

Edited by Andrew Farrow, Adrian Vigliano, and Mark Friedman Designed by Cynthia DellaRovere Original illustrations © Capstone Global Library Ltd Illustrated by H L Studios and Cynthia DellaRovere Picture research by Elizabeth Alexander Production by Sophia Argyris Originated by Capstone Global Library Ltd Printed in China by RR Donnelley South China

ISBN 978 1 406 26148 6 17 16 15 14 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A full catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce photographs: ©Photoshot p. 6 (Eur); Alamy pp. 40, 46 (©INTERFOTO); Corbis pp. 18, 29 (©HultonDeutsch Collection), 21 (©Bettmann); GammaKeystone via Getty Images pp. 33, 44, 48 (KeystoneFrance); Getty Images pp. 5, 43 (Fox Photos/Hulton Archive), 4, 23 (Central Press/Hulton Archive), 12, 39 (Paul Popper/Popperfoto), 24, 27 (Hulton Archive), 31 (Keystone/Hulton Archive), 41 (Reg Speller/ Fox Photos/Hulton Archive), 51 (Hugo Jaeger/Timepix/Time Life Pictures), 52, imprint (AFP); ©IWM p. 16; Photoshot p. 37 (©UPPA); Press Association Images pp. 8 (Sport and General/S&G Barratts/Empics Archive), 14, 30 (PA Archive), 26 (AP).

Background and design features reproduced with the permission of Shutterstock (©Picsfive, ©Petrov Stanislav, ©Zastolskiy Victor, ©design36, ©a454).

Cover photograph of Winston Churchill in 1945 reproduced with the permission of Alamy (©Pictorial Press Ltd); Cover photograph of a squadron of British fighters in flight reproduced with the permission of Corbis (©Bettmann).

We would like to thank Dr John Allen Williams for his invaluable help in the preparation of this book.

Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders of any material reproduced in this book. Any omissions will be rectified in subsequent printings if notice is given to the publisher.

Disclaimer All the internet addresses (URLs) given in this book were valid at the time of going to press. However, due to the dynamic nature of the internet, some addresses may have changed, or sites may have changed or ceased to exist since publication. While the author and publisher regret any inconvenience this may cause readers, no responsibility for any such changes can be accepted by either the author or the publisher.

Contents

Days of Decision

A decisive day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Who was Winston Churchill?. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Gallipoli and after . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Between two wars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Outbreak of war. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Preparing for battle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

The Battle of Britain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

After the battle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Notes on sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Find out more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Some words are printed inboldYou can find out what, like this. they mean by looking in the glossary on page 59.

A decisive day It is 15 September 1940. As wave after wave of Germanbombersfly towards southern England, BritishPrime MinisterWinston Churchill, with his trademark cigar clamped between his teeth, makes his way to Royal Air Force (RAF) headquarters in London. There, he is met by Air ViceMarshal Keith Park, the man responsible for the RAFsquadronsdefending London and the southeast of England from air attack.

14 September 1940: At the height of the Battle of Britain, Hurricane fighter planes take off from an airfield in the south of England to defend against German attacks.

Deep underground in the operations room, Churchill and Park watch as counters on a large tabletop map track the progress of the German attacks. As each squadron of RAF fighters takes off to intercept the enemy, a light on a board comes on to show that the planes are airborne.

Early in the afternoon, as the lights flash on one by one, Churchill turns to Park. “What reserves have we got?” he asks. “There are none,” replies Park. Every single squadron 1 is in the air, battling to defend Britain. Churchill and Park both know that this is a decisive moment in the defence of Britain against a possible German invasion. In order to win, the Germans need to destroy the RAF. This is now a battle for survival.

Battle of Britain Day

Since the end of World War II, 15 September has been commemorated in Britain as Battle of Britain Day, the day when the RAF fighters managed to hold out against the German bombers. The battle was by no means over, but many people consider this day to mark a crucial turning point in the Battle of Britain. Yet for Churchill, it was one of many such crucial moments, both in the past and yet to come.

A crowd follows Winston Churchill (centre) as he makes one of his frequent visits to inspect bomb damage after German raids in London.

Days of Decision

m r t Churchill had become prime minister in May 1940. At the time, many powerful people had questioned some of his past decisions and were less than enthusiastic about giving him this role. But as the German Army stormed across Europe and overwhelmed France, the majority of people came to believe that Churchill was the right man for the moment. A US journalist for thePhiladelphia Inquirerwrote of Churchill’s first speech as prime minister: “He proved himself an honest man as well as a man of action. Britain has reason to be enheartened by his… 2 bluntness and his courage.”

So, what were the qualities that made Churchill such an inspirational war leader and helped to win the Battle of Britain? And what crucial decisions did Churchill make as Britain struggled to come to terms with the disastrous fall of France in 1940, as well as the threat of imminent German invasion?

Decisive words: Churchill alone

“Everything depended on him and him alone. Only he had the power to make the nation 3 believe that it could win.”

Edward Bridges, cabinet secretary, writing about Winston Churchill between 1940 and 1942

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