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Intellect Books - Nico Carpentier

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283 pages

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A propos
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Description

Participation has become fashionable again, but at the same time it has always played a crucial role in our contemporary societies, and it has been omnipresent in a surprisingly large number of societal fields. In the case of the media sphere, the present-day media conjuncture is now considered to be the most participatory ever, but media participation has had a long and intense history. To deal with these paradoxes, this book looks at participation as a structurally unstable concept and as the object of a political-ideological struggle that makes it oscillate between minimalist and maximalist versions. This struggle is analysed in theoretical reflections in five fields (democracy, arts, development, spatial planning and media) and in eight different cases of media practice. These case studies also show participation’s close connection to power, identity, organization, technology and quality.

Introduction

Chapter 1: Defining Participation: An Interdisciplinary Overview

1. Democratic theory and participation

2. Beyond democratic theory

3. Audience participation and communication (rights)3. Audience participation and communication (rights)

Chapter 2: Keyword – Power

1. A conceptual introduction

2. Case 1: Management in the north Belgian audience discussion programme Jan Publiek

3. Case 2: Barometer and the post-political

Chapter 3: Keyword – Identity

1. A conceptual introduction

2. Case 1: The construction of ordinary people in Jan Publiek

3. Case 2: Temptation Island – reality TV and minimalist participation

Chapter 4: Keyword – Organization

1. A conceptual introduction

2. Case 1: BBC’s Video Nation

3. Case 2: RadioSwap

Chapter 5: Keyword – Technology

1. A conceptual introduction

2. Case: Kinoautomat – One man and his house. The lack of uptake of participatory technology

Chapter 6: Keyword – Quality

1. A conceptual introduction

2. Case 1: 16plus, Barometer and the rejection of participatory products

3. Case 2: Alternative and community media constructions of quality: Negotiated quality

Chapter 7: A Short Conclusion

Sujets

Arts visuels

ART

General

Media studies

General officer

History of art

Informations

Publié par	Intellect Books
Date de parution	01 avril 2011
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781841505244
Langue	English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0005€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Media and Participation
To Irena for her brave struggle
Media and Participation
A site of ideological-democratic struggle
Nico Carpentier
First published in the UK in 2011 by Intellect, The Mill, Parnall Road, Fishponds, Bristol, BS16 3JG, UK
First published in the USA in 2011 by Intellect, The University of Chicago Press, 1427 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Copyright 2011 Intellect Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Cover designer: Holly Rose Copy-editor: Macmillan Typesetting: Mac Style, Beverley, E. Yorkshire
ISBN 978-1-84150-407-0
Printed and bound by Gutenberg Press, Malta.
Contents
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Chapter 1: Defining Participation: An Interdisciplinary Overview
1. Democratic theory and participation
2. Beyond democratic theory
3. Audience participation and communication (rights)
Chapter 2: Keyword - Power
1. A conceptual introduction
2. Case 1: Management in the north Belgian audience discussion programme Jan Publiek
3. Case 2: Barometer and the post-political
Chapter 3: Keyword - Identity
1. A conceptual introduction
2. Case 1: The construction of ordinary people in Jan Publiek
3. Case 2: Temptation Island - reality TV and minimalist participation
Chapter 4: Keyword - Organization
1. A conceptual introduction
2. Case 1: BBC s Video Nation
3. Case 2: RadioSwap
Chapter 5: Keyword - Technology
1. A conceptual introduction
2. Case: Kinoautomat - One man and his house. The lack of uptake of participatory technology
Chapter 6: Keyword - Quality
1. A conceptual introduction
2. Case 1: 16plus, Barometer and the rejection of participatory products
3. Case 2: Alternative and community media constructions of quality: Negotiated quality
Chapter 7: A Short Conclusion
References
Acknowledgements
P arts of the chapters in this book were previously published as articles and book chapters, and reappear here in revised form.
In chapter 1 , the discussion on the Soviet theory of the press was published in an article entitled Reading back beyond the post prefix. The politics of the signifier post-socialism , and its opportunities for the enrichment of participatory media theory , in Medi ln studia, 1/2010: 7-30.
The theoretical discussion on power was published as the introduction of the book chapter Policy s hubris. Power, fantasy and the limits of (global) media policy interventions in Robin Mansell and Marc Raboy (eds.) The Handbook on Global Media and Communication Policy, by Blackwell, p. 113-128. The Jan Publiek case study in chapter 2 was published as Managing audience participation in the European Journal of Communication, 16 (2): 209-232. The Barometer case study in chapter 2 was published as Post-democracy, hegemony and invisible power. The Reality TV media professional as primum movens immobile in Sofie Van Bauwel and Nico Carpentier (eds.) Trans-reality Television. The Transgression of Reality, Genre, Politics and Audience in Reality TV, by Lexington Books, p. 105-124.
The theoretical discussion on the everyday and the ordinary, combined with the case study on Jan Publiek in chapter 3 was co-authored with Wim Hannot, and published as To be a common hero. The uneasy balance between the ordinary and ordinariness in the subject position of mediated ordinary people in the talk show Jan Publiek , in the International Journal of Cultural Studies, 12 (6): 597-616. The second case study in chapter 3 , on Temptation Island, was published as Putting your relationship to the test. Constructions of fidelity, seduction and participation in Temptation Island in the Social Journalism International Review, 2: 321-345.
The Video Nation case study in chapter 4 was published as BBC s Video Nation as a participatory media practice. Signifying everyday life, cultural diversity and participation in an on-line community in the International Journal of Cultural Studies, 6 (4): 425-447. Part of the second case study on RadioSwap was published as a chapter in Understanding Alternative Media, authored by Olga Bailey, Bart Cammaerts and myself, and as an article entitled The on-line community media database RadioSwap as a translocal tool to broaden the communicative rhizome in Observatorio (OBS*), http://www.obercom.pt/ojs/index.php/obs .
The theoretical discussion in chapter 6 , and the case study on alternative and community media constructions of quality was published as Developing democratic and negotiated quality. Re-articulating discourses of quality through democratic and participatory media practices in Communication Management Quarterly, 13 (4): 5-41. The case study on 16plus and Barometer was published as Produsers on participatory websites. Ordinary young people and the politics of banality, in Peter Dahlgren and Tobias Olsson (eds.) Young Citizens, ICTs and Democracy, p. 51-68.
I thank the relevant publishers and colleagues for permission to reprint.
Introduction 1
I n November 1941 the Nazis transformed the garrison town of Theresienstadt (or Terez n in what is now the Czech Republic) into a concentration camp that became home to more than 50,000 Jewish people who were forced to live in extremely harsh conditions, while they awaited deportation to the Auschwitz extermination camp. There were many children in the Theresienstadt camp, often segregated from the adults in children s homes. The group of young boys who were housed in Barracks L417 (or Home One) started, in secret, to produce a newspaper, Vedem (which translates as We lead ), which was a remarkable collection of essays, reviews, stories, drawings and poetry, written by the 13-, 14- and 15-year-old boys in Home One 2 .
Vedem s first and only editor-in-chief was Petr Ginz (1928-1944), who took on the role aged 14. Vedem was produced weekly, from December 1942 to July 1944. The 800 pages of Vedem, 1-190 typewritten, the rest handwritten, survived the war and are now housed in the Memorial of Terezin. The 100 or so occupants of Home One were less fortunate; only fifteen boys survived the war. Vedem s editor-in-chief, Petr Ginz, was murdered in Auschwitz in 1944 (K i kov et al., 1995).
One of the boys, Walter Roth, delivered the following address, which was (quite soon after) published in Vedem:
The banner has been raised. Home Number One has its own flag, the symbol of its future work and its future communal life. The Home has its own government. Why did we set it up? Because we no longer want to be an accidental group of boys, passively succumbing to the fate meted out to us. We want to create an active, mature society and through work and discipline transform our fate into a joyful, proud reality. They have unjustly uprooted us from the soil that nurtured us, from the work, the joys, and the culture from which our young lives should have drawn strength. They have only one aim in mind - to destroy us, not only physically but mentally and morally as well. Will they succeed? Never! Robbed of the sources of our culture, we shall create new ones. Separated from all that gave us pleasure, we shall build a new and joyously triumphant life! Cut off from a well-ordered society, we shall create a new life together, based on organization, voluntary discipline and mutual trust. Torn from our people by this terrible evil, we shall not allow our hearts to be hardened by hatred and anger, but today and forever, our highest aim shall be love for our fellow men, and contempt for racial, religious and nationalist strife. (Roth, in K kov et al., 1995: 36)
Vedem remains a beautiful and at the same time horrific symbol of the human capacity to endure hardships without surrendering humanity. Vedem demonstrates the importance of communication to articulate this same humanity: To speak, to write and to publish is to enjoy, to resist, to live and to be human. Vedem uniquely symbolizes human capacity and need to communicate. It demonstrates the importance - to all of us - of the media as a tool and structure to organize this communication, and our capacity to produce these media ourselves, even in the face of the most difficult circumstances.
This book explores media and participation in much less horrendous circumstances, but against the backdrop of the vigour that the editors of Vedem displayed in order to democratize their communication in a place where democracy had ceased to exist. In the contemporary era, participation still sometimes meets with resistance, contempt or indifference, but it is no longer punished by persecution, at least not in most western democracies, and not most of the time. This is not to imply that participation is an easy concept, either theoretically or empirically. Its ideological role in the democratic-political realm renders it a floating signifier, which tends to complicate matters.
The first part of this book attempts to grasp the concept of participation and its role within the mediascape through a detailed discussion of the articulations of participation in the theoretical-academic debates in five societal fields: democracy, spatial planning, development, arts and museums, and communication. This detailed analysis, which is in its structure inspired by Foucault s archeo-genealogy, highlights the complexity and contingency of the signifier participation, by showing the wide variety of - sometimes contradictory and sometimes mutually reinforcing - meanings that have been attributed to the concept of participation in these different fields in the second half of the twentieth and first years of the twenty-first century. My broad theoretical and empirical approach is to ground media participation within its twentieth-century intellectual history but without reducing it to a linear-historical