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323 pages

English

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Remarkable progress continues to be made in mathematical sciences. This advancement has made inter-relationships amongst various branches within mathematics and with other branches of science highly evolving; leading to newer 'terms' being invented and getting added. These additions make mathematics a little more complex. Emerging complexity translates into more difficulties for students in grasping the problem. And what makes the comprehension problematic? It is the introduction of 'terms', their definition and how to apply them in physical, chemical, biological, biotechnology, and social sciences works. And if these terms are not adequately explained, students and other interested readers face a herculean task in understanding what the question is all about, and unless readers clearly understand the terminology, finding a solution is next to impossible. This book contains mathematical terms related to arithmetic, algebra, trigonometry, geometry, analytic geometry, differential & integral calculus and differential equations, probability, statistics, logic etc. Appendices in the form of important formulas from algebra, geometry, trigonometry, calculus, logarithms and antilogarithms have been added. A few entries contain cross references indicating where to find further applications of the topic under discussion. It is an ideal manual for mathematics complete with illustrative diagrams and formulas. Inclusion of Greek Alphabets, metric systems and other useful mathematical symbols in the book helps make the dictionary a complete mathematical reference tool.

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Publié par	V & S Publishers
Date de parution	01 juin 2015
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9789350574140
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0500€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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CONCISE DICTIONARY OF MATHEMATICS
A Perfect Reference for Aspirants of IAS, IIT-JEE, AIEEE, CBSE-PMT, and Students of All Age Groups
Editorial Board
Published by:
F-2/16, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 011-23240026, 011-23240027 • Fax: 011-23240028 Email: info@vspublishers.com • Website: www.vspublishers.com
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© Copyright: ISBN 978-93-505741-4-0
DISCLAIMER
While every attempt has been made to provide accurate and timely information in this book, neither the author nor the publisher assumes any responsibility for errors, unintended omissions or commissions detected therein. The author and publisher make no representation or warranty with respect to the comprehensiveness or completeness of the contents provided.
All matters included have been simplified under professional guidance for general information only without any warranty for applicability on an individual. Any mention of an organization or a website in the book by way of citation or as a source of additional information doesn't imply the endorsement of the content either by the author or the publisher. It is possible that websites cited may have changed or removed between the time of editing and publishing the book.
Results from using the expert opinion in this book will be totally dependent on individual circumstances and factors beyond the control of the author and the publisher.
It makes sense to elicit advice from well informed sources before implementing the ideas given in the book. The reader assumes full responsibility for the consequences arising out from reading this book. For proper guidance, it is advisable to read the book under the watchful eyes of parents/guardian. The purchaser of this book assumes all responsibility for the use of given materials and information. The copyright of the entire content of this book rests with the author/publisher. Any infringement / transmission of the cover design, text or illustrations, in any form, by any means, by any entity will invite legal action and be responsible for consequences thereon.
Contents
Publisher’s Note
Introduction
1. Addition Table
2. Age
3. Algebra
4. Alligation
5. Area
6. Arithmetic
7. Average
8. Banker Discount
9. Binomial Theorem
10. Boats and Stream
11. Calendar
12. Cartesian Co-ordinate System
13. Chain Rule
14. Circle
15. Clock
16. Complex Number
17. Compound Interest
18. Conic Section
19. Co-ordinate Geometry
20. Decimal Fractions
21. Determinants
22. Differential Equations
23. Differentiation
24. Fraction
25. HCF
26. Height and Distance
27. Interactive 3D Shapes
28. Linear Equation
29. Logarithm
30. Mathematical Induction
31. Matrix
32. Number Base System
33. Number System
34. Partnership
35. Percentage
35. Permutation and Combination
37. Pipes and Cistern
38. Probability
39. Problem on Trains
40. Profit and Loss
41. Race and Games
42. Ratio and Proportion
43. Sequence
44. Set
45. Simple Interest
46. Simplification
47. Square Root
48. Statistics
49. Stock Capital
50. Surds and Indices
51. Time and Distance
52. Time and Work
53. Trignometry
54. True Discount
55. Vector
Logarithms Table
Antilogarithms
Appendix - 1
Appendix - II
Appendix - III
Appendix - IV
Appendix - V
Appendix - VI
Appendix - VII
Appendix - VIII
Appendix - IX
Appendix - X
Publisher’s Note
Innumerable books are available in the market on science and its allied branches,like, physics, chemistry, mathematics and biology et al, both as a textbook andreference manual. Written for different age-groups and class, quite a number ofthese books come replete with jargon-filled terms; and just fail to connect withreaders’ inclination and curiosity level. On top of that, new words keep finding theirway into the books every other day. Every new addition contributes to difficulty incomprehending the matter.
An average reader is interested only in knowing what a specific word means withoutgetting lost with heavy sounding inputs.
Following an open-ended discussion with a cross-section of students and otherstakeholders we realised that many books on science (physics, chemistry,mathematics and biology) take readers’ understanding of scientific terms forgranted; and make short passing references while alluding to the term in the text.Presentations of this nature in no way assist students and other readers inunderstanding the subject properly.
V S Publishers has already come out with four dictionaries of terms; in science,physics, chemistry and biology so for. And this dictionary on mathematics is the fifthin the series. All these books have been written to help readers grasp the meaningof popular scientific terms, notations and applications. For easy reference termshave been arranged in a way that the contents of the previous terms become thefoundation for the ensuing terms. Terms that have come into the reckoning even inthe early 2012 have been incorporated; and suitably explained such that an averagesecondary and senior secondary student can grasp them easily. Illustrations andexamples, where appropriate, have been added.
The Appendices include important formulas from algebra, geometry, trigonometry,integral and differential calculus, logarithms and antilogarithms. A few entriescontain cross references indicating where to find further applications of the topicunder discussion. In addition, references to several mathematicians who havemade major contributions are included.
Inclusion of Greek Alphabets, metric systems and other mathematical symbols inthe book help make the dictionary a complete mathematical reference tool.
We would be happy to have your views and comments about the dictionary.
Introduction
Mathematics is a subject of abstract reasoning. At first, it may appear frightening; but learning about properties of mathematics can help a reader appreciate its practical usefulness in solving problems associated with physics, biotechnology, bioinformatics, statistics, and astronomy through symbolic formulas expressing complicated ideas within a few lines.
Imagine you are going to build a bridge, or a stereo, or even a bookshelf. In each case you need to have a plan first, before beginning to build. During the stage of planning you will be required to develop a model in an abstract form of the finished object. When you are developing a model, you are doing mathematics. And to do mathes, you must be clear about the terms used theirin. This book will help you how to use the terms.
The book puts together in one volume all reference information that is valuable for students of mathematics and for persons with careers that use mathematics frequently. It also covers mathematical terms that are used by students who are studying in secondary schools and colleges.
History of Mathematics
Like every invention made by man since times immemorial, mathematics has its origin, and like every technology, mathematics too has its origin based upon needs of mankind. A particular need for invention arises from the wants of society; more complex the society, the more complex the needs. The primitive tribe had little mathematical needs beyond counting. The modern society intent on building great temples, mustering conquering armies, or managing large capital assets has logistical problems that demand mathematics to solve. Launching a satellite requires another kind of computations.
The study of mathematics as a subject in its own right began in the 6th century BC with the Pythagoreans, who coined the term “mathematics” from the ancient Greek word, meaning ‘subject of instruction’. Greek mathematicians refined the methods through the introduction of deductive reasoning and proofs. Chinese mathematics made early contributions, including a place value system. The Hindu-Arabic numeral system and the rules of its operations, in use throughout the world today, evolved in the first millennium in India and thereafter transmitted to the west via Islamic mathematics. Many Greek and Arabic texts on mathematics were translated into Latin. Beginning in Europe in the 16th century, new mathematical developments, interacting with new scientific discoveries, were made that continues through the present day.
Contribution by India
The ‘zero’ was known to the ancient Indians and this knowledge spread from India to other cultures. The symbols for nine numerals and a symbol for zero were well- established by the fifth century AD. The decimal system is also believed to have originated in India. Two Arab mathematicians named Al Khawarizmi and Al-Nasavi in 825 AD and 1025 AD respectively refered to the decimal system as ta-rikh ai- Hindi and al-amal al-Hindi.
Vedic Mathematics is the ancient system of Indian mathematics which was rediscovered from the Vedas between 1911 and 1918 by Sri Bharati Krsna Tirthaji (1884-1960). According to him all of mathematics is based on sixteen Sutras, or word-formulae. For example, ‘Vertically and Crosswise’ is one of these Sutras. These formulae describe the way the mind naturally works and are, therefore, a great help in directing the student to the appropriate method of solution.
Important Contributors
Aryabhata (476-529) - great Indian mathematician wrote the Aryabhatiya, which apart from discussing astronomy, laid down procedures of arithmetic, geometry, algebra and trigonometry. He calculated the value of Pi at 3.1416 and covered subjects like numerical squares and cube roots. Aryabhata is credited with the emergence of trigonometry thro