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230 pages

English

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Description

This book examines the failure of 'development' in Central America, where despite billions of dollars of development funding and positive indicators of economic growth, poverty remains entrenched and violence endemic.

Martin Mowforth shows how development is predicated on force and systematic violence, through which the world's most powerful governments, financial institutions and companies punish the global south.

Crucially, the analysis in The Violence of Development comes from many development project case studies and over sixty interviews with a range of people in Central America, including nuns, politicians, NGO representatives, trade unionists, indigenous leaders and human rights defenders. This book is a compelling synthesis of first-hand research and development theory.
List of Figures, Tables and Boxes

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

Acknowledgements

Preface

1. Introduction

2. Food: For Whose Table?

3. Water: Flowing in the Wrong Direction

4. Energy: Powerful Forces

5. Mining: All That Glitters…

6. Deforestation and Reforestation – Can’t See the Wood for the Trees

7. Industrialisation and Free Trade Treaties: From Slavery to Sweatshop

8. Indigenous Groups: The Fourth World Fights Back

9. The Violence of Development: Human Rights Defenders against the Wall

10. Whither Development?

Notes

Select Bibliography

Index

Sujets

Human Rights

Political Science

Development studies

Central America

SS Central America

Informations

Publié par	Pluto Press
Date de parution	20 mars 2014
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781783710362
Langue	English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1850€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

The Violence of Development
The Violence of Development
Resource Depletion, Environmental Crises and Human Rights Abuses in Central America
Martin Mowforth
First published 2014 by Pluto Press
345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA
www.plutobooks.com
Distributed in the United States of America exclusively by
Palgrave Macmillan, a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010
Copyright © Martin Mowforth 2014
The right of Martin Mowforth to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978 0 7453 3393 9 Hardback
ISBN 978 0 7453 3394 6 Paperback
ISBN 978 1 7837 1035 5 PDF eBook
ISBN 978 1 7837 1037 9 Kindle eBook
ISBN 978 1 7837 1036 2 EPUB eBook
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data applied for
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental standards of the country of origin.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Typeset from disk by Stanford DTP Services, Northampton, England Text design by Melanie Patrick
Simultaneously printed digitally by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham, UK and Edwards Bros in the United States of America
Contents
List of Figures, Tables and Boxes
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Acknowledgements
Preface
1 Introduction
2 Food: For Whose Table?
3 Water: Flowing in the Wrong Direction
4 Energy: Powerful Forces
5 Mining: All that Glitters…
6 Deforestation and Reforestation: Can’t See the Wood for the Trees
7 Industrialisation and Free Trade Treaties: From Slavery to Sweatshop
8 Indigenous Groups: The Fourth World Fights Back
9 The Violence of Development: Human Rights Defenders against the Wall
10 Whither Development?
Notes
Select Bibliography
Index
List of Figures, Tables and Boxes
Figures
1.1 Central American populations
1.2 Population growth rates, Central America
1.3 Selected indicators of development, Central America
2.1 Global hunger, 1969–2010
2.2 Crude oil price and food price index, 2006–2009
2.3 Hunger in Central America
4.1 Percentage electricity production by generation type, Central America, 2009
5.1 The significance of mining in the Central American economy
5.2 Do Not Flush
6.1 Change in forest cover, 1990–2010, Central America
7.1 Exports of primary products as a percentage of total exports, by value, Central America
8.1 Indigenous territories of Central America
9.1 Estimates of gang membership, Central America
Tables
2.1 Number of organic farms, Central America, 2007
3.1 Infant mortality rates
3.2 Population with access to improved drinking water sources and improved sanitation, 2008
4.1 Per capita electricity consumption, Central America
6.1 Carbon emissions: Central America and comparators
6.2 FSC certified forests in Central America
6.3 Central American wetlands under the Ramsar Convention
7.1 Exports of manufactured goods as a percentage of total exports, by value
8.1 Population estimates of indigenous groups in Central America
Boxes
1.1 Definitions: GDP, GNP, HDI and HPI
2.1 Violence against the unions in the pineapple industry
3.1 Major types of public–public partnerships (PUPs)
4.1 Hydroelectric projects in Bocas del Toro, Panama
5.1 The use of cyanide in gold mining
6.1 Assassinated members of the Olancho Environmental Movement
8.1 ILO Convention No. 169
8.2 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
9.1 Guatemala: a state of emergency?
9.2 The death of Rodrigo Rosenberg
9.3 Costa Rica: land of natural wonders and threats to those who defend them
9.4 FNL members assassinated, 2009–2011
9.5 Defending the ‘white lobster’
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
* Denotes translation from the Spanish, indicating that the initials may not match the ordering of words or names.
AA – Association Agreement
ACD – Alliance for Conservation and Development (Panama)
ACLU – American Civil Liberties Union
ADELA – Action of Anti-Petroleum Struggle* (Costa Rica)
ADES – Association for Social and Economic Development* (El Salvador)
AECO – Ecologists’ Association of Costa Rica*
AHJASA – Honduran Association of Village Water Committees*
ALBA – Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America*
ANAM – National Environment Authority* (Panama)
ANCON – Association for the Conservation of Nature* (Panama)
ANDA – National Aqueduct and Sewerage Administration* (El Salvador)
APP – Water for the People* (Honduras)
APREFLOFAS – Association for the Preservation of Flora and Fauna* (Costa Rica)
ARENA – Nationalist Republican Alliance* (El Salvador)
ASADAS – National Association of Water System and Sewerage Operators* (Costa Rica)
ASM – artisanal and small-scale mining
ASONOG – Association of NGOs* (Honduras)
ASOTRAEXDAN – Association of Workers and Former Workers with Claims Against Nemagon* (Nicaragua)
AyA – Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers*
BELPO – Belize Institute of Environmental Law and Policy
BOPA – Belize Organic Producers Association
CAFTA-DR – Central America and Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement
CAM – Campamento Environmentalist Movement* (Honduras)
CARSI – Central America Regional Security Initiative
CASM – Communities and Small-Scale Mining
CATAPA – Technical Academic Committee for Assistance in Environmental Issues (Belgium)
CCAD – Central American Commission on the Environment and Development*
CDM – UN Clean Development Mechanism
CEDES – Episcopal Conference of El Salvador*
CEICOM – Salvadoran Centre of Research into Investment and Commerce*
CELAC – Community of Latin American and Caribbean States*
CER – certified emission reduction
CICIG – International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala*
CIDA – Canadian International Development Agency
CIDICCO – International Centre for Information on Cover Crops* (Honduras)
CIEPAC – Centre for Economic and Political Investigations into Community Action* (Mexico)
CIIR – Catholic Institute for International Relations (now called Progressio)
CIS – Exchange and Solidarity Centre* (El Salvador)
CISPES – Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador
CITES – Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
CNEE – National Electrical Energy Commission* (Guatemala)
CODDEFFAGOLF – Committee for the Defence and Development of the Flora and Fauna of the Gulf of Fonseca*
COFADEH – Committee of Relatives of the Detained and Disappeared in Honduras*
COHDEFOR – Honduran Corporation of Forestry Development*
COHEP – Honduran National Council of Private Enterprise*
COMUS – United Communities of Usulután* (El Salvador)
CONAP – National Council for Protected Areas* (Guatemala)
CONATEL – National Telecommunications Commission* (Honduras)
CONAVIGUA – National Association of Guatemalan Widows*
COPAE – Pastoral Commission for Peace and Ecology* (Guatemala)
COPINH – Civic Council of Popular and Indigenous Organisations of Honduras*
COSEP – Superior Council of Private Business* (Nicaragua)
CSF – Conservation Strategy Fund
CSR – corporate social responsibility
DECA – Department for Environmental Evaluation and Control* (Honduras)
DEFOMIN – Department for the Promotion of Mining* (Honduras)
DEFRA – Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (UK)
DEOCSA – Western Electricity Distribution* (Guatemala)
DEORSA – Eastern Electricity Distribution* (Guatemala)
ECLAC – Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
EIA – Environmental Investigation Agency
EIS – environmental impact study
ENCA – Environmental Network for Central America
ENEE – National Electrical Energy Company* (Honduras)
ENEL – Nicaraguan Electricity Company* (Nicaragua)
EPM – Public Services Companies of Medellín* (Colombia)
EPZ – export processing zone
FAFG – Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation*
FANCA – Fresh Water Action Network of Central America
FAO – UN Food and Agriculture Organisation
FMLN – Farabundo Martí Front for National Liberation* (El Salvador)
FNL – National Front for Struggle* (Guatemala)
FNRP – National Popular Resistance Front* (Honduras)
FRENA – Resistance Front for Natural Resources* (Guatemala)
FRENASAPP – National Front of Sectors Affected by Pineapple Production* (Costa Rica)
FSC – Forest Stewardship Council
FSLN – Sandinista Front for National Liberation* (Nicaragua)
FTAA – Free Trade Area of the Americas
FTZ – free trade zone
GDP – gross domestic product
GEF – Global Environment Facility
GFC – Global Forest Coalition
GJEP – Global Justice Ecology Project
GMO – genetically modified organism
HDI – Human Development Index
HEP – hydroelectric power
HPI – Human Poverty Index
IACHR – Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
ICE – Costa Rican Electricity Institute*
ICF – Institute of Forestry Conservation* (Honduras)
ICFTU – International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
ICMM – International Council on Mining and Metals
ICSID – International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
IDB – Inter-American Development Bank
IEN – Indigenous Environmental Network
IFC – International Finance Corporation
IFI – international financial institution
IGTN – International Gender and Trade Network
IIED – International Institute for Environment and Development (UK)
IIPFCC – International Indigenous Peoples Forum on Climate Change
ILO – International Labour Organisation
ILRF – International Labour Rights Forum
IMF – International Monetary Fund
INDE – National Electrification Institute* (Guatemala)
IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPES – Permaculture Institute of El Salvador*
ISI – import substitution industrialisation
IUCN – International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resou