The Wiki Handbook - THE How To on Wiki, Complete Expert's hints and tips Guide by the leading experts, everything you need to know about Wiki , livre ebook

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Want to (start) using using Wikis as Powerful Web Tools? Do you want to learn how to use the Technology to share information better and make users More Powerful? This book is your guide on Wikis and Everything You Want to Know but Are Afraid to Ask. This book clarifies how to use Wikis for Online Collaboration and apply The Power of the Read-Write Web.

In easy to read chapters, with extensive examples, references and links to get you started right away this book covers: What is Wiki, Wiki (software), History of wikis, Content management system, Mass collaboration, Support wiki, Universal edit button, Nupedia, UseModWiki, Wikipedia, List of online encyclopedias, List of wikis, List of wiki software, Comparison of wiki farms and a Comparison of wiki software

Topic relevant selected content from the highest rated wiki entries, typeset, printed and shipped, combine the advantages of up-to-date and in-depth knowledge with the convenience of printed books. A portion of the proceeds of each book will be donated to the Wikimedia Foundation to support their mission.

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Computers

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Internet

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Publié par	Emereo Publishing
Date de parution	24 octobre 2012
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781486431670
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	7 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0798€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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WikiTopic relevant selected content from the highest rated wiki entries, typeset, printed and shipped. Combine the advantages of up-to-date and in-depth knowledge with the convenience of printed books. A portion of the proceeds of each book will be donated to the Wikimedia Foundation to support their mission: to empower and engage people around the world to collect and develop educational content under a free license or in the public domain, and to disseminate it effectively and globally. The content within this book was generated collaboratively by volunteers. Please be advised that nothing found here has necessarily been reviewed by people with the expertise required to provide you with complete, accurate or reliable information. Some information in this book maybe misleading or simply wrong. The publisher does not guarantee the validity of the information found here. If you need specific advice (for example, medical, legal, financial, or risk management) please seek a professional who is licensed or knowledgeable in that area. Sources, licenses and contributors of the articles and images are listed in the section entitled "References". Parts of the books may be licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. A copy of this license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License" All used third-party trademarks belong to their respective owners.

ContentsArticlesWikiWiki(software)WikipediaWikiWikiWebHistoryofwikisMemory AlphaComparisonofwiki farmsWikitravelWorld66Susning.nuWikiSymWikimaniaWikimediaFoundationComparisonofwikisoftwareContent management systemListofwikisMass collaborationUniversaledit buttonReferencesArticle Sources and ContributorsImage Sources, Licenses and ContributorsArticleLicensesLicense

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Wiki 1 WikiAwikiisa website that uses wiki software, allowing the easy creation and editingofany numberofinterlinked Web markup language or apages, using a simplified WYSIWYGtext[1][2] editor, within the browser. Wikis are often used to create collaborative websites,topower community websites, andfornote taking. The collaborative encyclopedia→[2] Wikipediaisoneofwikis. Wikis are usedthe best-known inbusiness to provide intranet and knowledge management systems. Ward Cunningham, the developerofthe first wiki software,→WikiWikiWeb,it as "the simplest online database originally described that could [3] possibly work."[4] "Wiki"(English pronunciation:/wiːkiː/)isa Hawaiian wordfor"fast". "Wiki"can be[5] expanded as "WhatIKnow Is," but thisisabackronym.History[6] →be called a wiki.the first site to WikiWikiWeb was Ward Cunningham starteddeveloping WikiWikiWebin[7] 1994, and installed itondomain c2.comthe Internet onMarch 25, 1995. It was namedbyCunningham, who remembered a Honolulu International Airport counteremployee telling him to take the "Wiki Wiki"shuttle bus that runs between the airport's terminals. AccordingtoCunningham,"Ias an alliterativechose wiki-wiki substitutefor'quick' and thereby avoided naming this[8] [9]Wiki WikiShuttleatHonolulustuff quick-web." InternationalAirport.Cunninghamwasinpartinspired byApple'sHyperCard. Apple had designed a system allowing users to create virtual "card stacks" supporting links among the various cards. Cunningham developed Vannevar Bush's ideas [2] [10] byallowing users to "commentontext".and change one another's Intheearly2000s, wikis were increasingly adoptedinenterprise as collaborative software.Commonuses included project communication, intranets, and documentation, initially fortechnical users. Today some companies use wikis as their only collaborative softwareandasa replacement forstatic intranets, and some schools and universities use wikis toenhance group learning. Theregreater usemay be ofwikis behind firewalls thanonthepublicInternet.[11] OnMarch 15, 2007,wikionlineentered the Oxford EnglishDictionary.

Wiki CharacteristicsWard Cunningham, and co-authorBoLeuf,intheir bookThe Wiki Way: Quick Collaboration onthe Webdescribed the essenceoftheWikiconcept as follows:•Awiki invitesalledit any page or to create new pages within the wiki Webusers to site, using only a plain-vanilla Web browser without any extra add-ons.•Wikitopic associations between different pagespromotes meaningful bymaking page link creation almost intuitively easy and showing whether an intended target page exists or not.•Awikiiscrafted sitenot a carefully forcasual visitors. Instead, it seeks to involvethe visitorinan ongoing processofthat constantly changescreation and collaboration the Website landscape.Awiki enables documents to be written collaboratively,ina simple markup language using a web browser.Asingle pageina wiki websiteisas a "wiki referred to page", whilethe entire collectionofpages, which are usually well interconnectedbyhyperlinks,is"the wiki".Awikiisdatabaseessentially a forand searching throughcreating, browsing, information.Adefining characteristicofwiki technologyispages can be createdthe ease with which and updated. Generally, thereis noaccepted. Many review before modifications are wikis are open to alterationbyregister userthe general public without requiring them to accounts. Sometimes loggingin fora sessionisrecommended, to create a "wiki-signature" cookieforsigning edits automatically. Many edits, however, can be madeinreal-time and appear almost instantly online. This can facilitate abuseofthe system. Private wikiservers require user authentication to edit pages, and sometimes even to read them.Editing wikipagesThere are many different waysinwhich wikis have users edit the content. Ordinarily,the structureand formattingofare specified with a simplified wiki pages markup language, sometimes known as "wikitexta line". For example, starting oftext with an asterisk("*")is often used to enter itina bulleted list. The style and syntaxofwikitexts can vary greatly among wiki implementations, someofwhich also allow HTML tags. The reasonfortaking this approachisthat HTML, tags,with its many cryptic isnot very legible, making it hard to edit. Wikis therefore favour plain text editing, with fewer and simpler conventions than HTML,fortoAlthough limiting access indicating style and structure. HTMLand cascading style sheets (CSS)ofand formattingthe structure ability to alter wikis limits user ofwiki content, there are some benefits. Limited access to CSS promotes consistencyinthe look and feel and having JavaScript disabled prevents a user from implementing code, which may limit accessforother users.MediaWiki syntaxEquivalent HTMLRendered output

Wiki 3 " T a k es o m em o r e< a"Take some more tea," Hare said tothe March " T a k e s o m e m o r e Alice, veryearnestly.[ [ t e a ] ] , " t h e M a r c h h r e f = " / w i k i / T e a " t i t l e = " T e a " H a r e s a i d t o A l i c e , > t e a < / a > , " t h e M a r c h H a r e "I've had nothing yet," Alice repliedinanoffended v e r y e a r n e s t l y . " I ' v e s a i d t o A l i c e , v e r y h a dn o t h i n gy e t , "e a r n e s t l y .tone:"so Ican't take more."A l i c e r e p l i e d " I ' v e h a d n o t h i n g y e t , " "Youmeanyoucan't takeless,"saidtheHatter: i n a n o f f e n d e d t o n e : A l i c e r e p l i e d i n a n o f f e n d e d "it's very easy totakemorethan nothing."" s o I c a n ' t t a k e t o n e : " s o I c a n ' t t a k e m o r e . " < m o r e . " / p > " Y o u m e a n y o u c a n ' t " Y o u m e a n y o u c a n ' t t a k e t a k e ' ' l e s s ' ' , " s a i d l e s s , " s a i d t h e t h e H a t t e r : " i t ' s v e r y H a t t e r : " i t ' s v e r y e a s y t o e a s y t o t a k e t a k e m o r e t h a n ' ' m o r e ' ' t h a n n o t h i n g . " n o t h i n g . " (Quotation above fromAlice's AdventuresinWonderlandbyLewisCarroll)Increasingly, wikis are making"WYSIWYG" ("WhatYouSeeIsWhatYouGet") editing available to users, usuallybymeansofJavaScript or an ActiveXtranslatescontrol that graphically entered formatting instructions, such as "bold" and "italics", into the corresponding HTML tags or wikitext.Inthose implementations, the markupofa newly edited, marked-up versionofthe pageisgenerated and submitted to the server transparently,and the userisshielded from this technical detail. However, WYSIWYGcontrolsdonot always provideall ofthe features availableinwikitext.Most wikis keep a recordofchanges made to wiki pages; often every versionofthe page is stored. This means that authors can revert to an older versionofthe page, should it be necessaryManyor the page has been vandalized. because a mistake has been made implementations (for example MediaWiki) allowsupply an "edit summary" whenusers to they edit a page. Thisisa short pieceoftext (usually one line) summarizingthe changes. It isnot inserted into the article, butisthat revisionstored along with ofthe page, allowing users to explain what has been done and why; thisissimilar to alogmessage when committing changes to a revision control system.NavigationWithin the textofare usually most pages there a large numberofhypertext links to other pages.Thisform ofnon-linearnavigation ismore"native"towikithan structured/formalized navigation schemes. That said, users can also create any number of index or tableofofhierarchical categorization or whatever form contents pages, with organization they like. These may be challenging to maintainbyhand, as multiple authors create and delete pagesinan ad hoc manner. Wikisgenerally provide one or more ways to categorizeor tag pages to support the maintenanceofsuch index pages.Most wikis have a backlink feature, which displaysallpages that link page.to a given Itistypicalina wiki links to pages thatto create donot yet exist, as a way to invite others to share what they know about a subject new to the wiki.

Wiki Linking andcreating pagesLinks are created using a specific syntax, the so-called "link pattern" (also seeCURIE). Originally, most wikis used CamelCase to name pages and createlinks. These are produced bycapitalizing wordsina phrase and removing the spaces between them (the word "CamelCase"isitself an example). WhileCamelCase makes linking very easy, it also leads tolinks which are writtenina form that deviates from the standard spelling. CamelCase-based wikis are instantly recognizable because they have many links with names such as "TableOfContents" and "BeginnerQuestions." Itispossiblefora wiki to render the visible anchorforsuch links "pretty"bypossibly alsoreinserting spaces, and reverting to lower case. However, this reprocessingofthe link to improve the readability of the anchorislimitedbythe lossofcapitalization information causedbyCamelCase reversal. For example, "RichardWagner" should be rendered as "Richard Wagner,"whereas "PopularMusic" should be rendered as "popular music." Thereis noeasy way to determine which capital letters should remain capitalized.Asmany wikis now have "freea result, linking" using brackets, and some disable CamelCasebydefault.Trust andsecurityControllingchangesWikis are generally designed with the philosophy of making it easy to correct mistakes, rather than making it difficult to make them. Thus, while wikis are very open, they provide a means to verify the validity of recent additions to the bodyofmostpages. The prominent,onalmost every wiki,isthe "RecentChanges"pageಧanumbering recent edits,specific list [12] or a listofedits made within a given timeframe. Some wikiscan filter the list to remove minor edits and [13] editsmadebyautomatic importing scripts("bots").History comparisonreportshighlight From the change log, other functions are accessible in the changes betweentwo revisionsofa most wikis: the revision history shows previous pageage.p versions and thedifffeature highlights the changesbetween two revisions. Using the revision history, an editor can view and restore a previous version ofthe article. Thedifffeature can be used to decide whether or not this is necessary.Atheuser can view regular wiki diff ofan edit listedonthe "Recent Changes" page and,ifitisan unacceptable edit, consult the history, restoring a previous revision; [14] this processismore or less streamlined, dependingonthe wiki softwareused.Incase unacceptable edits are missedonenginesthe "recent changes" page, some wiki provide additional content control. It can be monitored to ensure that a page, or a set of pages, keeps its quality.Aperson willing to maintain pageswillbe warnedofmodifications [15] to the pages, allowing him or her to verify the validityofnew editionsquickly.

Wiki 5 SearchingMost wikis offer at least a title search, and sometimes a full-text search. The scalability of the search dependsonaccess isengine uses a database. Indexed database whether the wiki necessaryforhigh speed searchesonsearch enginesAlternatively, external large wikis. such as Google can sometimes be usedonwikis with limited searching functionsinorder to obtain more precise results. However, a search engine's indexes can be very outofdate (days, weeks or months)formany websites.Software architectureWikisoftwareisa typeofcollaborative software that runs a wiki system, allowing web pages to be created and edited using a common web browser. Itisusually implementedas an application server that runsonThe contentone or more web servers. isstoredina file system, and changes to the content are storedina relational database management system. Alternatively, personal wikis run as a standalone applicationona single computer. For example:WikidPad.TrustworthinessCriticsofwikipublicly editable systems argue that these systems could be easily tampered with, while proponents argue that the communityofcontent andusers can catch malicious [2] correct it. Lars Aronsson, a data systems specialist, summarizes the controversy as follows:ಯರ Most people, when they first learn about the wiki concept, assume that a Website thatcan beeditedbyuselessbe rendered anybody would soon bydestructive input. Itofferingsounds like free spray cans next to a grey concrete wall. The onlylikely outcome would be ugly graffiti and simple tagging, and manyartisticworknot be long efforts would seems to lived. Still, it very [6] well.SecurityThe open philosophyofmost wikis, allowing anyone to edit content, does not ensurethat every editoriswell-meaning. Vandalism can be a major problem.Insites, suchlarger wiki as those runbythe→vandalism canWikimedia Foundation, gounnoticedfora period of time. Wikisbytheir very nature are susceptible to intentional disruption, known as [16] "trolling". Wikis tend to take asoft securityproblemapproach to the ofvandalism; makingdamage easy to undo rather than attempting to prevent damage. Larger wikis often employ sophisticated methods, such as bots that automatically identify and revert vandalism and JavaScript enhancements that show characters that have been addedineach edit. Inthis way vandalism can be limited to just "minor vandalism" or "sneaky vandalism", where the characters added/eliminated aresofew that botsdonot identifythem and users donot pay much attention to them.The amountofvandalism a wiki receives dependsonwikihow open the is.For instance, some wikis allow unregistered users, identifiedbytheirIPaddresses, to edit content, whilst others limit this function to just registered users. Most wikis allow anonymous editing [17] without an account, but give registered users additional editing functions;onmost wikis, becoming a registered userisa short and simple process. Some wikis require an additional waiting period before gaining access to certain tools. For example,onthe English

Wiki 6 Wikipedia,registered users can pagesonly rename iftheir accountisat least four days old. Other wikis such as the Portuguese Wikipedia use an editing requirement insteadofa time requirement, granting extra tools after the user has made a certain numberofedits to prove their trustworthiness and usefulness as an editor. Basically, "closed up" wikisare more secure and reliable but grow slowly, whilst more open wikis growat a steady rate but result inbeing an easy targetforvandalism.Aclear exampleofofbe that this would Wikipedia and Citizendium. The firstisextremely open, allowing anyone with a computer and internet access to edit it, making it grow rapidly, whilstthe latter requires the users' real name and a biographyofthemselves, affecting the growthofbut creating anthe wiki almost "vandalism-free"ambiance.CommunitiesUser communitiesMany wiki communities are private, particularly within enterprises. Theyused asare often internal documentationforin-house systems and applications.There also exist WikiNodes which are pagesondescribe related wikis. wikis that Theyare usually organized as neighbors and delegates.Aneighborwikiissimply a wiki that may discuss similar content or may otherwise beofinterest.Adelegatewikiisa wikithat agrees to have certain content delegated to that wiki.One wayoffinding a wikiona specific subjectisthe wiki-node network from wikito follow [18] to wiki; anotheristo take aWiki"bus tour",forexample: Wikipedia's Tour Bus Stop. Domain names containing "wiki" are growinginpopularity to support specific niches.For those interestedinwiki, there are publicly creating their own available "wiki farms", someofPBwiki, Socialtext,password-protected wikis. which can also make private, Wetpaint, and Wikia are popular examplesofsuch services. For more information, see List offarms generally contain advertisingwiki farms. free wiki Note that onevery page.The English language Wikipedia has the largest user base among wikisonthe World Wide [19][20] Weband ranksinthe top 10 amongallWeb sitesintermsoftraffic. Other large wikis include the→WikiWikiWeb,→Memory Alpha,→Wikitravel,→World66 and→Susning.nu,a Swedish-language knowledgebase.Research communitiesWikis are an active topicofresearch.Twowell-known wiki conferencesare•→The International SymposiumonWikis (WikiSym),an conference dedicated to wiki research and practiceingeneral•→practiceresearch and conference dedicated to Wikimania, a of→WikimediaFoundation projects like Wikipedia.There are also numerous small-scale educational communities using theWikisoftware or [21] variants.Investigations'Wikidot's 'Philosophical isoneofthe betterknown.Inan April 2009 articleforTimes Higher academic newspaper, the philosopherthe London Martin'bottom-up' model wouldthat this Cohen predicted indue course supersede the [21] ambitious "librariesof AllKnowledge' like Wikipedia and Citizendium.

Wiki See also•→Comparisonofwikisoftware•→Content management system•Listoflearning resourcesದslides, text books, quizzes,courses, instruction videos, etc,related to Wikipedia and other Wikis.•→Listofwikis•Massivelydistributed collaboration•Support wiki•Universal Edit ButtonReferences[1] wiki, n.(http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50293088)Oxford English Dictionary(draft entry,March2007) Requires Paid Subscription[2]"wiki(http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1192819/wiki)".EncyclopædiaBritannica.1. London: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2007. . Retrieved 2008-04-10.[3] Cunningham, Ward (2002-06-27)."WhatisaWiki(http://www.wiki.org/wiki.cgi?WhatIsWiki)".WikiWikiWeb.. Retrieved 2008-04-10.[4]"Hawaiian Words; Hawaiian to English(http://www.mauimapp.com/moolelo/hwnwdshw.htm)".. Retrieved2008-09-19.[5]"The wiki principle (http://www.economist.com/surveys/displaystory.cfm?story_id=6794228)"..Retrieved2008-08-11.[6] (Ebersbach 2008,p. 10) [7]http://c2.com/[8] Cunningham, Ward (2003-11-01)."Correspondenceonthe EtymologyofWiki(http://c2.com/doc/etymology. html)". WikiWikiWeb.. Retrieved 2007-03-09.[9] Cunningham, Ward (2008-02-25)." WikiHistory(http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory)".WikiWikiWeb..Retrieved 2007-03-09.[10] Cunningham, Ward (2007-07-26)." Wiki WikiHyper Card(http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiWikiHyperCard)".WikiWikiWeb.. Retrieved 2007-03-09.[11] Diamond, Graeme (2007-03-01)."March 2007 new words, OED(http://dictionary.oed.com/news/newwords.html)".Oxford UniversityPress. . Retrieved2007-03-16. [12] (Ebersbach 2008, p. 20)[13] (Ebersbach2008,p.54) [14] (Ebersbach2008, p. 178) [15](Ebersbach 2008, p.109)[16]"(http://www.usemod.com/cgi-bin/mb.pl?SoftSecurity)". UseModWikiSoft Security .2006-09-20..Retrieved 2007-03-09.[17] (Ebersbach 2008, p. 108)[18]http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3ATourBusStop[19]"WikiStatsbyS23(http://s23.org/wikistats/largest_html.php?sort=users_desc&th=8000&lines=500)".S23Wiki. 2008-04-03. . Retrieved 2007-04-07.[20]"Alexa Web SearchದTop500(http://www.alexa.com/site/ds/top_sites?ts_mode=global&lang=none)".Alexa Internet. . Retrieved 2008-04-15.[21] 'Fontof allnot?'wisdom, or byHigher Education, 9 AprilMartin Cohen, Times 2009(http://www. timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=406100&c=1),accessed April13, 2009.•(2008),Ebersbach, Anja Wiki: Web Collaboration, Springer Science+Business Media, ISBN3540351507

Wiki Furtherreading•Mader, Stewart (2007-12-10).Wikipatterns. JohnWiley&Sons. ISBN0470223626.•(2008-04-17).Tapscott, Don ChangesWikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Everything.Portfolio Hardcover. ISBN1591841933.•Leuf,Bo(2001-04-13).Quick CollaborationThe Wiki Way: ontheWeb.Addison-Wesley.ISBN 020171499X.Externallinks•Wikis(http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wiki.htm)atHowStuffWorks.•WikiWikiWeb(http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WelcomeVisitors), the first wiki•Wikipatterns.com(http://www.wikipatterns.com/display/wikipatterns/Wikipatterns) A toolboxofpatterns and anti-patterns, and a guide to major stagesofwiki adoptionthat explores patterns to applyat each stage.•Exploring withWiki(http://www.artima.com/intv/wiki.html) Aninterview with WardCunningham,by BillVerners.•WikiMatrix(http://www.wikimatrix.org/)websiteforcomparing wikis.Wiki(software)Awikiisa typeofto betypically allows web pages collaborative software program that created and collaboratively edited using a common web browser. Websites running such programs are themselves referred to as→wikis.Awiki systemisthat runsusually an application server onTheone or more web servers. contentisstoredinafilesystem, and changes to the content are storedina relational database management system.Web-based[1] The first such system was createdbyWard Cunninghaminbut given the relative1995 , simplicityofconcept, a large numberthe wiki ofimplementations now exist, ranging from verysimple "hacks" implementing only core functionality to highly sophisticated→content management systems. The primary difference between wikis and more complex types of content management systemsistend to focusthat wikis onthe content, at the expense of the more powerful control over layout seenin→content management systems (CMS) like Drupal, WebGUI, and Joomla! or at the expenseofnon-wiki features (news articles, blogs,..) like thoseinTikiWikiCMS/Groupware (whichisa Wiki-CMShybrid).The software required to run a wiki might include a web server such as Apache,inaddition to the wiki program itself.Insome cases the web server and wiki program are bundled together as one self-contained system, which can often make them easier to install. [2] MojoMojo,forexample, requiresnoseparate web .server at all The majorityoffree and open source software; large engines such aswikis are PmWiki, TWiki, TikiWiki CMS/Groupware and the Wikipedia engine, MediaWiki, are developed collaboratively. Many wikis are highly modular, providing APIswhich allow programmers to develop new features without requiring them to be familiar with the entire codebase.