Rapid urban malaria appraisal (RUMA) I: Epidemiology of urban malaria in Ouagadougou

biomed - Wang Shr-Jie , Lengeler Christian , Smith , Vounatsou Penelope , Diadie , Pritroipa Xavier , Convelbo Natalie , Kientga Mathieu , Tanner , Tanner Marcel

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16 pages

English

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Rapid urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa has a major impact on malaria epidemiology. While much is known about malaria in rural areas in Burkina Faso, the urban situation is less well understood. Methods An assessment of urban malaria was carried out in Ouagadougou in November -December, 2002 during which a rapid urban malaria appraisal (RUMA) was applied. Results The school parasitaemia prevalence was relatively high (48.3%) at the cold and dry season 2002. Routine malaria statistics indicated that seasonality of malaria transmission was marked. In the health facilities, the number of clinical cases diminished quickly at the start of the cold and dry season and the prevalence of parasitaemia detected in febrile and non-febrile cases was 21.1% and 22.0%, respectively. The health facilities were likely to overestimate the malaria incidence and the age-specific fractions of malaria-attributable fevers were low (0–0.13). Peak prevalence tended to occur in older children (aged 6–15 years). Mapping of Anopheles sp. breeding sites indicated a gradient of endemicity between the urban centre and the periphery of Ouagadougou. A remarkable link was found between urban agriculture activities, seasonal availability of water supply and the occurrence of malaria infections in this semi-arid area. The study also demonstrated that the usage of insecticide-treated nets and the education level of family caretakers played a key role in reducing malaria infection rates. Conclusion These findings show that determining local endemicity and the rate of clinical malaria cases are urgently required in order to target control activities and avoid over-treatment with antimalarials. The case management needs to be tailored to the level of the prevailing endemicity.

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Publié par	biomed
Publié le	01 janvier 2005
Nombre de lectures	10
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

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Pga e 1fo1 (6apegum nr bet nor foaticnoitrup esops)

Address: 1 Swiss Tropical Institute (STI), P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, 2 Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou (CNRFP), 01 B.P. 2208, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso and 3 Ecole Inter-Etats d'Ingénieurs de l'Equipement Rural (EIER), 03 B.P. 7023, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso Email: Shr-Jie Wang - Shrjie.wang@unibas .ch; Christian Lengeler* - Christian.lengeler@unibas.ch; Thomas A Smith - Thomas-A.Smith@unibas.ch; Penelope Vounatsou - Penelope.Vounatsou @unibas.ch; Diallo A Diadie - Diadier.Diallo@lshtm.ac.uk; Xavier Pritroipa - pitroipa.cnrfp@fasonet.bf; Natalie Convelbo - a.di allo.cnlp@fasonet.bf; Mathieu Kie ntga - Mathieu.Kientga@EIER.ORG; Marcel Tanner - Marcel.Tanner@unibas.ch * Corresponding author 

Malaria Journal

Published: 16 September 2005 Received: 10 June 2005 Malaria Journal 2005, 4 :43 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-4-43 Accepted: 16 September 2005 This article is available from: http:/ /www.malariajournal.com/content/4/1/43 © 2005 Wang et al; licens ee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the orig inal work is properly cited.

Abstract Background: Rapid urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa has a major impact on malaria epidemiology. While much is known about malari a in rural areas in Burkina Faso, the urban situation is less well understood. Methods: An assessment of urban malaria was carri ed out in Ouagadougou in November -December, 2002 during which a rapid urba n malaria appraisal (RUMA) was applied. Results: The school parasitaemia prevalence was relati vely high (48.3%) at the cold and dry season 2002. Routine malaria statistics indicated that se asonality of malaria transmission was marked. In the health facilities, the number of clinical cases diminished quickly at the start of the cold and dry season and the prevalence of pa rasitaemia detected in febrile an d non-febrile cases was 21.1% and 22.0%, respectively. The health fa cilities were likely to overestimate the malaria incidence and the age-specific fractions of malaria-attributable fe vers were low (0–0.13). Pe ak prevalence tended to occur in older children (aged 6–15 years). Mapping of Anopheles sp. breeding sites indicated a gradient of endemicity between the urban centre and the periphery of Ouagadougou. A remarkable link was found between urban agric ulture activities, seasonal avai lability of water supply and the occurrence of malaria infections in this semi-arid area. The study also demonstrated that the usage of insecticide-treated nets and the education level of family caretakers played a key role in reducing malaria infection rates. Conclusion: These findings show that determining local endemicity and the rate of clinical malaria cases are urgently required in order to target control activities and avoid over-treatment with antimalarials. The case ma nagement needs to be ta ilored to the level of the prevailing endemicity.

Bio Med Central

Research Open Access Rapid urban malaria appraisal (R UMA) I: Epidemiology of urban malaria in Ouagadougou Shr-Jie Wang 1 , Christian Lengeler* 1 , Thomas A Smith 1 , Penelope Vounatsou 1 , Diallo A Diadie 2 , Xavier Pritroipa 2 , Natalie Convelbo 2 , Mathieu Kientga 3 and Marcel Tanner 1