Kant's Theory of Knowledge

mazong - Harold Arthur Prichard

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99 pages

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Publié par	mazong
Publié le	08 décembre 2010
Nombre de lectures	13
Langue	English

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The Project Gutenberg eBook, Kant's Theory of Knowledge, by Harold Arthur Prichard This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Kant's Theory of Knowledge Author: Harold Arthur Prichard Release Date: June 5, 2010 [eBook #32701] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KANT'S THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE*** E-text prepared by Meredith Bach, lizardcry, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries (http://www.archive.org/details/toronto) Note: Images of the original pages are available through Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries. See http://www.archive.org/details/kantknowledge00pricuoft TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE 1. The original text includes Greek characters. For this text version these letters have been replaced with transliterations represented within square brackets [Greek: ]. 2. Footnotes have been moved to the end of the chapter. 3. Apart from that, no other changes have been made in the text. KANT'S THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE BY H. A. PRICHARD FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, OXFORD OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1909 HENRY FROWDE, M.A. PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD LONDON, EDINBURGH, NEW YORK TORONTO AND MELBOURNE PREFACE This book is an attempt to think out the nature and tenability of Kant's Transcendental Idealism, an attempt animated by the conviction that even the elucidation of Kant's meaning, apart from any criticism, is impossible without a discussion on their own merits of the main issues which he raises. [Pg iii] My obligations are many and great: to Caird's Critical Philosophy of Kant and to the translations of Meiklejohn, Max Müller, and Professor Mahaffy; to Mr. J. A. Smith, Fellow of Balliol College, and to Mr. H. W. B. Joseph, Fellow of New College, for what I have learned from them in discussion; to Mr. A. J. Jenkinson, Fellow of Brasenose College, for reading and commenting on the first half of the MS.; to Mr. H. H. Joachim, Fellow of Merton College, for making many important suggestions, especially with regard to matters of translation; to Mr. Joseph, for reading the whole of the proofs and for making many valuable corrections; and, above all, to my wife for constant and unfailing help throughout, and to Professor Cook Wilson, to have been whose pupil I count the greatest of philosophical good fortunes. Some years ago it was my privilege to be a member of a class with which Professor Cook Wilson read a portion of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason , and subsequently I have had the advantage of discussing with him several of the more important passages. I am especially indebted to him in my discussion of the following topics: the distinction between the Sensibility and [Pg iv] the Understanding (pp. 27-31, 146-9, 162-6), the term 'form of perception' (pp. 37, 40, 133 fin.-135), the Metaphysical Exposition of Space (pp. 41-8), Inner Sense (Ch. V, and pp. 138-9), the Metaphysical Deduction of the Categories (pp. 149-53), Kant's account of 'the reference of representations to an object' (pp. 178-86), an implication of perspective (p. 90), the impossibility of a 'theory' of knowledge (p. 245), and the points considered, pp. 200 med.-202 med., 214 med.-215 med., and 218. The views expressed in the pages referred to originated from Professor Cook Wilson, though it must not be assumed that he would accept them in the form in which they are there stated. CONTENTS PAGE [Pg v] CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM OF THE Critique 1 CHAPTER II THE SENSIBILITY AND THE UNDERSTANDING 27 36 CHAPTER III SPACE CHAPTER IV PHENOMENA AND THINGS IN THEMSELVES 71 101 NOTE THE FIRST ANTINOMY CHAPTER V TIME AND INNER SENSE 103 CHAPTER VI KNOWLEDGE AND REALITY 115 CHAPTER VII THE METAPHYSICAL DEDUCTION OF THE CATEGORIES 140 161 CHAPTER VIII THE TRANSCENDENTAL DEDUCTION OF THE CATEGORIES CHAPTER IX GENERAL CRITICISM OF THE TRANSCENDENTAL DEDUCTION OF THE CATEGORIES 214 CHAPTER X THE SCHEMATISM OF THE CATEGORIES 246 260 [Pg vi] CHAPTER XI THE MATHEMATICAL PRINCIPLES CHAPTER XII THE ANALOGIES OF EXPERIENCE 268 CHAPTER XIII THE POSTULATES OF EMPIRICAL THOUGHT 308 319 NOTE THE REFUTATION OF IDEALISM REFERENCES First edition of the Critique of Pure Reason . Second edition of the Critique of Pure Reason . Kant's Prolegomena to any future Metaphysic . Meiklejohn's Translation of the Critique of Pure Reason . Mahaffy. Translation of Kant's Prolegomena to any future Metaphysic . (The pages referred to are Mah. = those of the first edition; these are also to be found in the text of the second edition.) Caird = Caird's Critical Philosophy of Kant . A B Prol. M = = = = CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM OF THE CRITIQUE The problem of the Critique may be stated in outline and approximately in Kant's own words as follows. [Pg 1] Human reason is called upon to consider certain questions, which it cannot decline, as they are presented by its own nature, but which it cannot answer. These questions relate to God, freedom of the will, and immortality. And the name for the subject which has to deal with these questions is metaphysics. At one time metaphysics was regarded as the queen of all the sciences, and the importance of its aim justified the title. At first the subject, propounding as it did a dogmatic system, exercised a despotic sway. But its subsequent failure brought it into disrepute. It has constantly been compelled to retrace its steps; there has been fundamental disagreement among philosophers, and no philosopher has successfully refuted his critics. Consequently the current attitude to the subject is one of weariness and indifference. Yet humanity cannot really be indifferent to such problems; even those who profess indifference inevitably make metaphysical assertions; and the current attitude is a sign not of levity but of a refusal to put up with the illusory knowledge offered by contemporary philosophy. Now the objects of metaphysics, God, freedom, and immortality, are not objects of experience in the sense in which a tree or a stone is an object of experience. Hence our views about them [Pg 2] cannot be due to experience; they must somehow be apprehended by pure reason, i. e. by thinking and without appeal to experience. Moreover, it is in fact by thinking that men have always tried to solve the problems concerning God, freedom, and immortality. What, then, is the cause of the unsatisfactory treatment of these problems and men's consequent indifference? It must, in some way, lie in a failure to attain the sure scientific method, and really consists in the neglect of an inquiry which should be a preliminary to all others in metaphysics. Men ought to have begun with a critical investigation of pure reason itself. Reason should have examined its own nature, to ascertain in general the extent to which it is capable of attaining knowledge without the aid of experience. This examination

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