A Psychiatric Milestone - Bloomingdale Hospital Centenary, 1821-1921

ornie

Le téléchargement nécessite un accès à la bibliothèque YouScribe
Tout savoir sur nos offres

99 pages

English

Le téléchargement nécessite un accès à la bibliothèque YouScribe
Tout savoir sur nos offres

Informations
Extrait

Informations

Publié par	ornie
Publié le	08 décembre 2010
Nombre de lectures	30
Langue	English

Extrait

The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Psychiatric Milestone, edited by Howard Townsend, Bronson Winthrop and R. Horace Gallatin This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: A Psychiatric Milestone Bloomingdale Hospital Centenary, 1821-1921 Author: Various Editor: Howard Townsend Bronson Winthrop R. Horace Gallatin Release Date: March 14, 2005 [EBook #15365] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A PSYCHIATRIC MILESTONE *** Produced by Suzanne Lybarger, Kathryn Lybarger and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. THE NEW YORK HOSPITAL, DUANE STREET AND BROADWAY The building to the left was erected in 1808 for the exclusive use of patients suffering from mental disorders. A PSYCHIATRIC MILESTONE BLOOMINGDALE HOSPITAL CENTENARY 1821-1921 "Cum corpore ut una Crescere sentimus, pariterque senescere mentem." —LUCRETIUS PRIVATELY PRINTED BY THE SOCIETY OF THE NEW YORK HOSPITAL 1921 ANNIVERSARY COMMITTEE HOWARD TOWNSEND BRONSON WINTHROP R. HORACE GALLATIN PREFACE The opening of Bloomingdale Asylum on June 1, 1821, was an important event in the treatment of mental disorders and in the progress of humanitarian and scientific work in America. Hospital treatment for persons suffering from mental disorders had been furnished by the New York Hospital since its opening in 1792, and the Governors had given much thought and effort to securing the facilities needed. The treatment consisted, however, principally in the administration of drugs and the employment of such other physical measures as were in vogue at that time. Little attempt was made to study the minds of the patients or to treat them by measures directed specifically to influencing their thoughts, feelings, and behavior, and what treatment of this character there was had for its object little more than the repression of excitement and disordered activity. The value and importance of treatment directed to the mind had, indeed, been long recognized, but in practice it had been subordinated to treatment of the actual and assumed physical disorders to which the mental state of the patient was attributed, and, in the few hospitals where persons suffering from mental disorders were received, means for its application were almost or quite entirely lacking. The establishment of Bloomingdale Asylum for the purpose of ascertaining to what extent the recovery of the patients might be accomplished by moral as well as by purely medical treatment marked, therefore, the very earliest stages of the development in America of the system of study and treatment of mental disorders which with increasing amplification and precision is now universally employed. A hundred years of growth and activity in the work thus established have now been accomplished, and it seemed fitting to the Governors of the Hospital that the event should be commemorated in a way that would be appropriate to its significance and importance. It was decided that the principal place in the celebration should be given to the purely medical and scientific aspects of the work, with special reference to the progress which had been made in the direction of the practical usefulness of psychiatry in the treatment of illness generally, and in the management of problems of human behavior and welfare. Arrangements were made for four addresses by physicians of conspicuous eminence in their particular fields, and invitations to attend the exercises were sent to the leading psychiatrists, psychologists, and neurologists of America, and to others who were known to be specially interested in the field of study and practice in which the Hospital is engaged. It was felt that, in view of the place which France and England had held in the movement in which Bloomingdale Asylum had its origin, it would add greatly to the interest and value of the celebration if representatives of these countries were present and made addresses. How fortunate it was, then, that it became possible to welcome from France Dr. Pierre Janet, who stands pre-eminent in the field of psychopathology, and from England Dr. Richard G. Rows, whose contributions to the study and treatment of the war neuroses and to the relation between psychic and physical reactions marked him as especially qualified to present the more advanced view-point of British psychiatry. The other two principal addresses were made by Dr. Adolf Meyer, who, by reason of his scientific contributions and his wonderfully productive practical work in clinical and organized psychiatry and in mental hygiene, is the acknowledged leader of psychiatry in America, and by Dr. Lewellys F. Barker, who, because of his eminence as an internist and of the extent to which he has advocated and employed psychiatric knowledge and methods in his practice, has contributed greatly to interesting and informing physicians concerning the value and importance of psychiatry in general medical practice. The addresses given by these distinguished physicians, representing advanced views in psychiatry held in Europe and America, were peculiarly appropriate to the occasion and to the object of the celebration. They were supplemented by an historical review of the origin and development of the Hospital and of its work by Mr. Edward W. Sheldon, President of the Society of the New York Hospital, and by a statement concerning the medical development, made by Dr. William L. Russell, the Medical Superintendent. The greetings of the New York Academy of Medicine were presented in an interesting address by Dr. George D. Stewart, President of the Academy. Of scarcely less significance and interest than the addresses was the pageant presented on the lawn during the intermission between the sessions, depicting scenes and incidents illustrating the origin and development of the Hospital, and of psychiatry and mental hygiene. The text and the scenes displayed were prepared by Dr. Charles I. Lambert, First Assistant Physician of the Hospital, and by Mrs. Adelyn Wesley, who directed the performance and acted as narrator. The performers were persons who were connected with the Hospital, twenty-two of whom were patients. The celebration was held on May 26, 1921. The weather was exceptionally clear, with bright sunshine and moderate temperature. The grounds, in their Spring dress of fresh leaves and flowers, were especially beautiful. This added much to the attractiveness of the occasion and the pleasure of those who attended. Luncheon was served on the lawn in front of the Brown Villa and the pageant was presented on the adjoining recreation grounds. The beauty of the day and the surroundings, the character of the addresses and of the speakers, the remarkable felicity and grace with which they were introduced by the President, the dignity and noble idealism of his closing words, and the distinguished character of the audience, all contributed to make the celebration one of exceptional interest and value to those who were present, and a notable event in the history of the Hospital. For the purpose of preserving, and of perhaps extending to some who were not present, the spirit of the occasion, and of placing in permanent form an account of the proceedings and the addresses which were made, this volume has been published by the Society of the New York Hospital. WILLIAM L. R USSELL. CONTENTS PREFACE INVOCATION REV. FRANK H. SIMMONDS H ISTORICAL R EVIEW EDWARD W. SHELDON, ESQ. President of the Society of the New York Hospital "THE C ONTRIBUTIONS OF PSYCHIATRY TO THE U NDERSTANDING OF LIFE PROBLEMS" ADOLF MEYER, M.D. Director of the Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital, and Professor of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland "THE IMPORTANCE OF PSYCHIATRY IN GENERAL MEDICAL PRACTICE" LEWELLYS F. BARKER, M.D. Professor of Clinical Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland GREETINGS FROM THE N EW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE GEORGE D. STEWART, M.D. President of the Academy "THE BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS" RICHARD G. ROWS, M.D. Director of the Section on Mental Illnesses of the Special Neurological Hospital, Tooting, London, England "THE R ELATION OF THE N EUROSES TO THE PSYCHOSES" PIERRE JANET, M.D. Professor of Psychology, College de France "THE MEDICAL D EVELOPMENT OF BLOOMINGDALE H OSPITAL" WILLIAM L. RUSSELL, M.D. Medical Superintendent THE TABLEAU-PAGEANT N AMES OF THOSE WHO ATTENDED THE EXERCISES APPENDIX I COMMUNICATIONS FROM DR. BEDFORD PIERCE Medical Superintendent of The Retreat, York, England EXTRACT FROM MINUTES OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE RETREAT, APRIL 30, 1921. TRANSCRIPT FROM THE VISITORS BOOK OF THE RETREAT, 1803-17. APPENDIX II A LETTER ON PAUPER LUNATIC ASYLUMS FROM SAMUEL TUKE TO THOMAS EDDY, 1815. APPENDIX III THOMAS EDDY'S COMMUNICATION TO THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS, APRIL, 1815. APPENDIX IV EXTRACTS FROM THE MINUTES OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS IN RELATION TO ACTION TAKEN RESPECTING THOS. EDDY'S COMMUNICATION DATED APRIL, 1815. APPENDIX V ADDRESS TO THE PUBLIC BY THE GOVERNORS, 1821. APPENDIX VI BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE SOCIETY OF THE NEW YORK HOSPITAL, 1821 AND 1921. APPENDIX VII ORGANIZATION OF BLOOMINGDALE HOSPITAL, 1821 AND 1921. ILLUSTRATIONS New York Hospital and Lunatic Asylum, 1808 Bloomingdale Asylum, 1821 Bloomingdale Asylum, 1894 Bloomingdale Hospital, 1921 The Tableau-Pageant Thomas Eddy BLOOMINGDALE ASYLUM As it appeared when it was opened in 1821. It was located near the seven mile stone on the Bloomingdale Road, now 116th Street and Broadway. BLOOMINGDALE HOSPITAL CENTENARY The One Hundredth Anniversary of the establishment of Bloomingdale Hospital as a separate department for mental