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Sujets

Institutional Racism
and the Police: Fact or Fiction?Institutional Racism
and the Police: Fact or Fiction?
David G. Green (Editor)
John G.D. Grieve & Julie French
Michael Ignatieff
Mike O’Brien
Robert Skidelsky
Institute for the Study of Civil Society
LondonFirst published August 2000
© The Institute for the Study of Civil Society 2000
email: books@civil-society.org.uk
All rights reserved
ISBN 1-903 386-06-3
Typeset by the Institute for the Study of Civil Society
in New Century Schoolbook
Printed in Great Britain by
The Cromwell Press
Trowbridge, WiltshireContents
Page
The Authors vi
Foreword
David G. Green ix
The Age of Inequality
Robert Skidelsky 1
Does Institutional Racism Exist
In the Metropolitan Police Service?
John G.D. Grieve & Julie French 7
Less Race, Please
Michael Ignatieff 21
The Macpherson Report
and Institutional Racism
Mike O’Brien 25
Commentary: Racial Preferences Are
Not the Best Way to Create Racial Harmony
David G. Green 37
Appendix 45
Notes 48The Authors
Julie French was the Senior Family Liaison Officer
within the Racial and Violent Crime Task Force, supervis-
ing the implementation of family liaison policy within the
Metropolitan Police Service (MPS). She joined the MPS in
1995, serving for two years at South Norwood Division in
various operational posts. In 1998 she was seconded to a
strategic unit responding to the findings of the Public
Inquiry into the Death of Stephen Lawrence before joining
the Racial and Violent Crime Task Force in 1999. She has
a BSc (Hons.) degree in managerial and administrative
studies (Aston University), a four-year course that in-
cluded a placement in New York.
David G. Green is the Director of the Institute for the
Study of Civil Society. His books include Power and Party
in an English City, Allen & Unwin, 1980; Mutual Aid or
Welfare State?, Allen & Unwin, 1984 (with L. Cromwell);
Working-Class Patients and the Medical Establishment,
Temple Smith/ Gower, 1985; The New Right: The Counter
Revolution in Political, Economic and Social Thought,
Wheatsheaf, 1987; Reinventing Civil Society, IEA, 1993;
Community Without Politics, IEA, 1996; Benefit Depend-
ency, IEA, 1998; An End to Welfare Rights, IEA, 1999; and
Delay, Denial and Dilution, IEA, 1999 (with L. Casper).
He wrote the chapter on ‘The Neo-Liberal Perspective’ in
The Student’s Companion to Social Policy, Blackwell,
1998.
John G.D. Grieve is Deputy Assistant Commissioner of
the Metropolitan Police, which he joined in 1966 at
Clapham. He has served as detective in South London and
has worked in every role from undercover officer to policy
chair on drug squads over a 30-year period. His duties
have also involved the Flying Squad (two tours of duty),
viAUTHORS vii
Robbery Squad and Murder Squads including East London
Area Major Investigation Pool. He was a Divisional
Commander at Bethnal Green in East London. He has an
honours degree in philosophy and psychology (Newcastle
University) and a master’s degree post graduate research
in drugs policy analysis from Cranfield University,
travelling on a Swiss charitable scholarship throughout
Europe. DAC Grieve has worked in Europe, America,
South East Asia and Australia. He introduced Asset
Seizure Investigation in the United Kingdom and was
Head of Training at Hendon Police College. During that
time he organised the Community, Fairness, Justice
Conference. He was the first Director of Intelligence for
the Metropolitan Police, led the MPS Intelligence Project
and the Anti-Terrorist Squad as National Co-ordinator
during the 1996-1998 bombing campaigns. DAC Grieve
was appointed Director of the first Racial and Violent
Crime Task Force in August 1998. His interests include
walking, history (including art and police history) and
painting. He was awarded the QPM in 1997 and the CBE
in the millennium honours list.
Michael Ignatieff gained a doctorate in history at
Harvard and has held academic posts at King’s College,
Cambridge, St Antony’s College, Oxford, the University of
California at Berkeley, the University of London and the
London School of Economics. His books include A Just
Measure of Pain: Penitentiaries in the Industrial Revolu-
tion, The Russian Album and Virtual War: Kosovo and
Beyond. Screenplays include 1991 and Eugene Onegin as
well as the television play Dialogue in the Dark, directed
by Jonathan Miller. He was writer and presenter of a six-
part documentary series on nationalism entitled Blood
and Belonging, which was shown on BBC2, CBC and PBS
and he hosted the flagship BBC TV arts programme The
Late Show. His columns appear in The Observer, The New
Republic, The New Yorker, Harpers, Time Internationalviii INSTITUTIONAL RACISM AND THE POLICE
and Prospect, and he is currently teaching at the Carr
Centre for Human Rights at the Kennedy School, Harvard.
Mike O’Brien was appointed Parliamentary Under
Secretary of State at the Home Office on 5 May 1997. He
was educated at Blessed Edward Oldcorne School, Worces-
ter Technical College and North Staffordshire Polytechnic.
Member of Parliament for Warwickshire North since 1992,
Mr O’Brien was opposition spokesman on Treasury and
economic affairs from 1995 and the city spokesman from
September 1996 until the general election. He is a former
chairman of the Backbench Home Affairs Committee and
has also been a member of two Commons Select Commit-
tees: Home Affairs (1992-1994) and Treasury and Civil
Service (1993-1995). Mr O’Brien is also a former parlia-
mentary adviser to the Police Federation. He lectured in
law for six years before working as a solicitor until April
1992 when he was elected MP. He is married with two
young daughters.
Robert Skidelsky is Chairman of the Social Market
Foundation and Professor of Political Economy at Warwick
University. He is the definitive biographer of the econo-
mist John Maynard Keynes, the third volume of which is
due for publication in November. His wide-ranging areas
of expertise include higher education, the economy, the
school curriculum and foreign affairs. His spirited opposi-
tion to Government policy on Kosovo led to his dismissal
by William Hague as principal opposition Front Bench
spokesman in the House of Lords on Treasury affairs. Foreword
The Macpherson report was a watershed in British race
relations and has led to the adoption of policies by the
Metropolitan Police and the Home Office which are
described below by John Grieve and the Home Office
Minister, Mike O’Brien. In the hope of encouraging a more
enlightened public debate, the Institute for the Study of
Civil Society is simultaneously publishing two books
containing a range of strongly-held views on the subject.
Macpherson’s claim that the Metropolitan Police were
guilty of ‘institutional racism’ provoked considerable
controversy at the time of publication and continues to be
strongly disputed, as the contributions to this book by
Lord Skidelsky and Michael Ignatieff show.
Institutional Racism and the Police is published as a
companion volume to a major study by Norman Dennis,
George Erdos and Ahmed Al-Shahi, Racist Murder and
Pressure Group Politics, which dissects the Macpherson
report and challenges its approach.
David G. Green
ixThe Age of Inequality
Robert Skidelsky
t is alarming, and deeply depressing, that the inquiryIinto the murder of Stephen Lawrence, chaired by Sir
William Macpherson, should so quickly have achieved the
status of Holy Writ, despite some spirited pockets of
journalistic resistance. For while palpably well-inten-
tioned, the Report may do more harm than good. And this
for two reasons. It has firmly inserted the slippery con-
cepts of ‘institutional’ and ‘unwitting’ racism into public
discourse, from where they will be very difficult to dis-
lodge, and which will inhibit clear thought on race rela-
tions. And by concentrating attention on the racial aspects
of the murder and its investigation, it diverts attention
from the real lesson of the inquiry, which is the urgent
need to improve the quality of the police service for all
people, white as well as black, who lack the position, power
and wealth to command proper attention when they are
victims of crimes.
This is not, in any way, to impugn the motives or efforts
of the Lawrence family and their legal team to expose the
inadequacy of the service they received. They were rot-
tenly treated. Indeed, without the extraordinary determ-
ination of Mr and Mrs Lawrence, their son’s murder would
have remained just another unresolved crime with the
police bungling hidden from public view. From their point
of view police incompetence had one obvious explanation:
This chapter first appeared in The Review, Journal of
the Social Market Foundation, August 1999, and is
reproduced by kind permission.
1