Russie - dopage : le rapport de Richard McLaren
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2016
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2016
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Rapport de Richard McLaren sur les les JO de Sotchi en 2014.
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Publié le
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2 Mo
RICHARD H. MCLAREN INDEPENDENT PERSON WADA INVESTIGATION OF SOCHI ALLEGATIONS 16 July 2016 Via Email:Olivier.Niggli@wada-ama.org to be forwarded President Sir Craig Reedie World Anti-Doping Agency Stock Exchange Tower 800 Place Victoria (Suite 1700) Montréal, QC H4Z 1B7 Re: Report to the President of WADA by the Independent Person Dear President Reedie: I, as the Independent Person, have completed the enclosed Report, dated 16 July 2016, which is submitted to you pursuant to the Terms of Reference that established the Independent Investigation. This Report fulfills partially the mandate of the Independent Person. I appreciate having had the opportunity to be of service.
Yours truly,
Richard H. McLaren IP in Sochi Investigation mclaren@mckenzielake.com
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THE INDEPENDENT PERSON REPORT
18 July 2016
Table of Contents
Glossary ...........................................................................................................................iii
Chapter 1: Executive Summary of this Report ...........................................................11.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 11.2 Creation and Terms of Reference of the Independent Investigation into Sochi and Other Allegations............................................................................................................. 21.3 Summary of the Evidence Gathering Process .............................................................. 51.4 Witnesses ............................................................................................................................. 71.5 Findings of IC and Relationship to IP Investigation .................................................. 81.6 Overall Outcomes of the Independent Investigation ................................................. 9
Chapter 2: The IP Investigation Method...................................................................182.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 182.2 The Investigation Process............................................................................................... 192.3 The Investigation Procedure.......................................................................................... 212.3.1 IP Findings.................................................................................................................. 232.4 The IAAF Taskforce ........................................................................................................ 232.4.1 IP Findings.................................................................................................................. 252.5 The Mandate ..................................................................................................................... 25
Chapter 3: The Moscow Laboratory & the Disappearing Positives.....................273.1 The IC Findings on the Moscow Laboratory .............................................................. 283.1.1 IP Findings.................................................................................................................. 303.2 The Disappearing Positive Methodology ................................................................... 313.2.2 Investigative ResultsConcerning the Disappearing Positive Methodology .... 353.2.3IP Findings.................................................................................................................. 413.3 Events of Autumn 2014 and the 37 Samples ............................................................... 423.4 Forensic Testing of the 37 Samples .............................................................................. 453.4.1 IP Findings.................................................................................................................. 493.5 The “Cocktail” .................................................................................................................. 49
Chapter 4: The Command Structure ..........................................................................524.1 The Ministry of Sport of the Russian Federation ...................................................... 524.2 The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB)............................... 56
Chapter 5: The Sochi Laboratory Sample Swapping Methodology ....................615.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 615.2 Planning for Sochi ........................................................................................................... 625.2.1 IP Findings.................................................................................................................. 655.2.2 The State Programme................................................................................................ 655.2.3 IP Findings.................................................................................................................. 675.3 The Mechanics of Sample Swapping........................................................................... 675.3.1 Identification of theIncomingSample ................................................................... 685.3.2 Movement ofSample within the Laboratoryto theAliquotingRoom.............. 69
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5.3.3Bottle Passing &Opening......................................................................................... 695.3.4 Doctoring the Replacement Urine in the Operational Room .............................. 715.3.5 SwappedSampleReturn to theAliquotingRoom ............................................... 715.4 Results of the Sochi Investigation ................................................................................ 725.4.1 Bottle Tampering Analysis....................................................................................... 725.4.1.1 IP Findings............................................................................................................... 735.4.2 Urine Analysis............................................................................................................ 735.4.2.1 IP Findings............................................................................................................... 75
Chapter 6: Other Sporting Events..............................................................................766.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 766.2 London 2012 Olympic Games........................................................................................ 766.2.1 The IOC Re-Testing of Results of the London 2012 Olympic Games ................ 826.3 World University Games, Kazan 2013 ......................................................................... 836.4 2013 Moscow IAAF World Championships (“Moscow Championships”) .......... 84Chapter 7: Summary of Findings................................................................................86EXHIBIT 1 .......................................................................................................................91
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Glossary
AAF ABP
ADAMS ARAF
A samples and B samples
CAS Code
CSP DCC
DCF DCO EPO
FIFA FSB
IAAF IC IP
IOC ISL
KGB LIMS
Adverse Analytical Finding
Athlete Biological Passport
Anti-Doping Administration & Management System All-Russian Athletics Federation
In doping control conducted under the World Anti-Doping Code, the urine collected from an athlete is divided into an A bottle and a B bottle. An initial screen is performed on the A bottle. If a suspicious result is found in that screen, then a confirmatory analysis is performed on the A sample. If the athlete requests, the B bottle is opened and a confirmatory analysis is performed on the urine in that bottle as well. Court of Arbitration for Sport World Anti-Doping Code
Center of Sports Preparation of National Teams of Russia
Kings College Doping Control Centre
Doping Control Form
Doping Control Officer
Erythropoietin
Fédération Internationale de Football Association Russian Federal Security Service
International Association of Athletics Federations
Independent Commission
Independent Person
International Olympic Committee
International Standard for Laboratories
Committee for State Security Laboratory Information Management System
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London Games MofS
NOC PED
ROC RUSADA
SG Sochi Games TUE
VNIIFK
WADA
London Games of the XXX Olympiad
Ministry of Sport
National Olympic Committee
Performance Enhancing Drug
Russian Olympic Committee
Russian National Anti-Doping Agency
Specific Gravity
XXII Olympic Winter Games
Therapeutic Use Exemption
Russian Federal Research Center of Physical Culture and Sport
World Anti-Doping Agency
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Chapter 1: Executive Summary of this Report
Key Findings
1.The Moscow Laboratory operated, for the protection of doped Russian
athletes, within a State-dictated failsafe system, described in the report as
the Disappearing Positive Methodology.
2.The Sochi Laboratory operated a unique sample swapping methodology
to enable doped Russian athletes to compete at the Games.
3.The Ministry of Sport directed, controlled and oversaw the manipulation
of athlete’s analytical results or sample swapping, with the active
participation and assistance of the FSB, CSP, and both Moscow and Sochi
Laboratories.
This Report will explain these key findings.
1.1 Introduction
This Chapter contains a summary of the principal outcomes of the work by the
independent investigation conducted under the direction of and by the
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Independent Person (IP) appointed by the World Anti-Doping Agency President.
Background and detailed findings of the investigation
subsequent chapters of this Report.
are provided in
In the first part of May the American newsmagazine 60 Minutes and thenThe
New York Timesreported stories regarding state run doping during the Sochi 2014
Winter Olympic Games (the “Sochi Games”). The primary source of these
allegations was the former Director of the Moscow and Sochi doping control
laboratories, who ran the testing for thousands of Russian and international
Olympians.
This Executive Summary describes the formation of the IP and sets out the Terms
of Reference and a brief summary of the investigative methodology used. The
balance of the summary sets out the IP’s key investigative findings in respect of
the allegations of doping misconduct.
1.2 Creation and Terms of Reference of the Independent Investigation into Sochi and Other Allegations
On 19 May 2016 the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) announced the
appointment of an Independent Person (IP) to conduct an investigation of the
allegations made by the former Director of the Moscow Laboratory, Dr. Grigory
Rodchenkov (“Dr. Rodchenkov”). Professor Richard H. McLaren, law professor
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at Western University, Canada; CEO of McLaren Global Sport Solutions Inc.;
counsel to McKenzie Lake Lawyers, LLP and long standing CAS arbitrator, was
appointed as the IP to investigate.
Professor Richard McLaren was previously a member of WADA’s three-person
Independent Commission (IC), led by founding WADA President Richard W.
Pound QC, which exposed widespread doping in Russian Athletics. Working
independently as the IP, Professor Richard McLaren was supported by a multi-
disciplinary team. He has significant experience in the world of international
sports law, including having conducted many international investigations
related to doping and corruption.
“The Terms of Reference directed the IP to establish whether:
1.There has been manipulation of the doping control process during the Sochi
Games, including but not limited to, acts of tampering with the samples within
the Sochi Laboratory.
2.Identify the modus operandi and those involved in such manipulation.
3.Identify any athlete that might have benefited from those alleged manipulations to
conceal positive doping tests.
4.Identify if this Modus Operandi was also happening within Moscow Laboratory
outside the period of the Sochi Games.
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5.Determine other evidence or information held by Grigory Rodchenkov.“
Throughout the course of his mandate, the IP has personally reviewed all
evidence gathered by his independent investigative team.
This Report was prepared from the collective work of the IP’s investigative team.
The investigative process is outlined and the many significant aspects that were
studied and analyzed ultimately provide evidence for findings of fact.
The third paragraph of the IP’s mandate, identifying athletes who benefited from
the manipulations, has not been the primary focus of the IP’s work. The IP
investigative team has developed evidence identifying dozens of Russian
athletes who appear to have been involved in doping. The compressed timeline
of the IP investigation did not permit compilation of data to establish an anti-
doping rule violation. The time limitation required the IP to deem this part of
the mandate of lesser priority. The IP concentrated on the other four directives of
the mandate.
The highly compressed timeline has meant that the IP investigative team has had
to be selective in examining the large amount of data and information available
to it. This Report reflects the work of the IP but it must be recognised that we
have only skimmed the surface of the extensive data available. In doing so, the
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IP has only made Findings in this Report that meet the standard of beyond a
reasonable doubt. ] WADA must decide if the IP investigative team should
continue its work in respect of reviewing all of its material in relation to specific
athletes and examining the remaining material it has.
1.3 Summary of the Evidence Gathering Process
The IP was appointed to lead this investigation to ensure an unbiased and
independent examination of the evidence and from which all stakeholders could
have confidence in the reporting of careful, thorough and balanced assessment of
proven facts. The IP relied and built upon the work previously done by the
Independent Commission (IC).
The IP conducted a number of witness interviews and reviewed thousands of
documents, employed cyber analysis, conducted cyber and forensic analysis of
hard drives, urine sample collection bottles and laboratory analysis of individual
athlete samples.
The IP has gathered and reviewed as much evidence as could be accessed in the
limited 57 day time frame in which this Report was required to be completed.
More evidence is becoming available by the day but a cut-off had to be
implemented in order to prepare the Report.
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