RAPPORT OIT Travail dans le monde - Les femmes devraient gagner plus que les hommes.

S
ince the eruption of the fi nancial crisis in 2008 much of the global policy debate
has focused on advanced economies and their ability to cope with the impacts
of the crisis. During this period, a major policy shift has taken place in developing
countries that has oft en gone unnoticed. Notably, in the face of the slowdown of
their exports to advanced economies, developing countries have been confronted
with the need to rebalance their economies and fi nd new sources of economic
growth and job creation.
Th is report draws out the many lessons that can be learned from this policy
shift . First and foremost, it shows the considerable policy innovation among the
over 140 emerging economies and low-income countries which are examined. Th e
measures range from employment guarantee schemes to cash benefi ts for vulnerable
groups and policies to promote formal enterprises. Some of these are being
replicated throughout the developing world and have even had some attraction for
a number of the advanced economies most aff ected by the fi nancial crisis.
Second, a key finding emerging from the report is that good quality jobs
matter for development. While it has long been argued that developing countries
should concentrate eff orts on trade and investment liberalisation and infrastructure
spending, supported by external aid if needed, evidence presented in the
report shows that such policies will not yield development unless accompanied by
dedicated eff orts to boost employment and decent work opportunities and tackle
working poverty. In countries where it was implemented, such a policy shift not
only helped development but also played a counter-cyclical role that helped attenuate
the impacts of the fi nancial crisis.
Th ird, governments in developing countries have gained confi dence and therefore
policy space. Th ey have realised that there is no one size fi ts all solution to their
problems and that remedies that used to be advocated (though not always applied)