Optical models for material appearance, livre ebook
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262
pages
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English
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Ebooks
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2022
Écrit par
Mathieu Hébert
Publié par
EDP Sciences
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262
pages
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English
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Ebooks
-
2022
Description
The Author......................................................................................................................... III
Preface................................................................................................................................... V Foreword........................................................................................................................... VII 2.1TypesofReflectingSurfaces............................................................................... 30 2.1.1MirrorsandSpecularReflectors............................................................... 30 2.1.2VeryMatte Surfaces:LambertianReflectors........................................ 30 2.1.3IntermediateCases.................................................................................... 31 2.2Light TransmissionThroughObjects................................................................. 31 2.3AngularSpectralReflectanceandTransmittance.............................................. 32 2.4Bi-DirectionalReflectance/Transmittance Distribution Function (BRDF/BTDF)33 2.4.1Definition...................................................................................................... 33 2.4.2BRDFofSomeTypicalReflectors.......................................................... 34 2.4.3Lambert’sAzimuthalEqual-AreaProjection........................................ 35 2.4.4BRDFMeasurementSystems.................................................................. 36 2.5SpectralReflectanceandTransmittanceFactors............................................... 37 2.5.1Reflectance,Transmittance...................................................................... 37 2.5.2SpectralReflectance/TransmittanceFactor........................................... 38 2.5.3SpectralRadianceFactor........................................................................... 39 2.6GeometriesandDevicesfortheMeasurementofReflectanceFactors........... 39 2.6.1Nicodemus’NomenclatureforNineReflectanceFactors.................... 40 2.6.2GeometriesUsingIntegratingSpheres..................................................... 41 2.6.3Bidirectionaland AnnularGeometries.................................................. 43 2.6.4EffectiveMeasurementGeometry.............................................................. 43 2.7SurfaceDistributionFunctions............................................................................... 45 2.7.1BidirectionalScattering-SurfaceReflectanceDistributionFunction(BSSRDF)..................................................... 45 2.7.2PointSpreadFunction(PSF).................................................................... 46 CHAPTER3VisualCharacterizationofSurfaces............................................................................... 49 3.1ColorandColorimetry........................................................................................... 51 3.1.1ARelativePerception............................................................................... 51 3.1.2ColorMixingandEarlyColorRepresentationSystems..................... 53 3.1.3Trichromacy................................................................................................ 56 3.1.4CIE1931RGBandXYZColorSpaces................................................ 57 3.1.5CIE1931ChromaticityDiagram............................................................ 59 3.1.6ColorofLightSourcesandIlluminants................................................. 61 3.1.7CIE 1976 L*a*b*ColorSpaceandColorAppearanceModels......... 62 3.1.8VonKriesChromaticAdaptation............................................................ 66 3.2ColorMeasurementandColorImaging.............................................................. 67 3.2.1ColorCharacterizationofaSurfacebyUsingaSpectrophotometer..................................... 67 3.2.2Metamerism................................................................................................. 69 3.2.3ColorandSpectralMeasurementbyImagingTechniques................. 70 3.2.4MeasuringtheSpectralResponseofanRGBCamera........................ 73 3.2.5ColorCalibrationofanRGBImagingSystem..................................... 74 3.3Gloss.......................................................................................................................... 77 3.3.1DefinitionforGloss.................................................................................... 77 3.3.2GlossMeasurement................................................................................... 78 CHAPTER4PlaneOptical InterfacesandTransparentLayers........................................................ 81 4.1RadianceReflectionandTransmissionatanInterface...................................... 82 4.2Bi-HemisphericalReflectanceandTransmittanceofanInterface.................. 84 4.3MetalsandStronglyAbsorbingMedia............................................................... 86 4.4AngularReflectanceandTransmittanceofaClear Plate............................... 88 4.4.1AngularReflectanceandTransmittance............................................... 88 4.4.2Bi-HemisphericalReflectanceandTransmittance................................. 91 4.5SpectralTransmittanceofAbsorbingLayers.................................................... 93 4.5.1Bouguer’sLawandBeer’sLaw............................................................... 93 4.5.2PilesofAbsorbingLayersandMixingofAbsorbingMedia.............. 95 4.6SpectralReflectanceandTransmittanceofanAbsorbing Plate................... 95 4.6.1AngularReflectanceandTransmittance............................................... 96 4.6.2Bi-HemisphericalReflectanceandTransmittance................................. 97 4.6.3ObtainingtheIntrinsicParametersofanAbsorbing Plate............... 98 4.7ExtensionsandApplications.................................................................................. 99 CHAPTER5TransparentMultilayers:Two-FluxModelsforDirectionalLight......................... 101 5.1PilesofTransparentPlates SeparatedbyAir................................................. 102 5.1.1AngularReflectanceandTransmittanceofTwoPlates.................. 103 5.1.2GeneralizationtoNon-SymmetricPlates............................................ 105 5.1.3GeneralizationtoNPlates:IterativeModel...................................... 105 5.1.4GeneralizationtoNPlates:FluxTransferMatrixModel............... 105 5.2PilesofIdenticalPlates...................................................................................... 108 5.2.1AngularReflectanceandTransmittance............................................. 108 5.2.2DegreeofPolarization............................................................................ 112 5.2.3Bi-HemisphericalReflectanceandTransmittance.............................. 116 5.2.4GeneralizationtoNon-SymmetricPlates............................................ 117 5.2.5InvarianceofParametera...................................................................... 118 5.3LayersofDifferentRefractiveIndicesinOptical Contact............................ 118 5.3.1FluxTransfer MatricesforLayersandInterfaces............................. 119 5.3.2ExamplesofMultilayers......................................................................... 120 5.3.3OpticalCharacterizationofLiquids.................................................... 121 5.3.4TotalReflections................................................................................... 122 5.3.5NonpolarityofDirectionalTransmittance......................................... 123 5.4Examples.............................................................................................................. 124 5.4.1PilesofColoredFilmsSeparatedbyAir............................................. 124 5.4.2PilesofColoredFilmsSeparatedbyDifferentMedia....................... 125 5.5PilesofFilmsonTopofaSpecularBackground.......................................... 130 CHAPTER6DiffusingLayersandMultilayers:Two-FluxModelsforDiffuseLight................. 133 6.1TheKubelka–MunkModel................................................................................. 134 6.1.1TheKubelka–MunkDifferentialEquations........................................ 134 6.1.2ReflectanceandTransmittanceFormulae........................................... 135CHAPTER2SpectralRadiometryofSurfaces.................................................................................... 29