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Foundations and Public Policy , livre ebook

State University of New York Press - Joan Roelofs

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283 pages

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In this pathbreaking study of foundation influence, author Joan Roelofs produces a comprehensive picture of philanthropy's critical role in society. She shows how a vast number of policy innovations have arisen from the most important foundations, lessening the destructive impact of global "marketization." Conversely, groups and movements that might challenge the status quo are nudged into line with grants and technical assistance, and foundations also have considerable power to shape such things as public opinion, higher education, and elite ideology. The cumulative effect is that foundations, despite their progressive goals, have a depoliticizing effect, one that preserves the hegemony of neoliberal institutions.

Acknowledgments

Preface

1. Introduction

2. What Are Foundations?

3. Ideology and Information

4. Reforming Government

5. Market Supplement: Arts and Culture

6. Market Supplement: Social Welfare and the Economy

7. Foundations and the Legal System

8. Social Change Organizations

9. International Activities

10. Conclusions and Questions for Further Research

Appendix A. Inquiry Letter for Haymarket Research
Appendix B. Haymarket Research Questionnaire
Appendix C. Selected Groups Funded by Haymarket 19741978

Notes

Select Bibliography

Index

Sujets

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Publié par	State University of New York Press
Date de parution	01 février 2012
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9780791487273
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	5 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1698€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Joan Roelofs

FOUNDATIONS andPUBLIC POLICY T h e M a s k o f P l u r a l i s m

Foundations and Public Policy

SUNY series in Radical Social and Political Theory

Roger S. Gottlieb, editor

Foundations and Public Policy

The Mask of Pluralism

Joan Roelofs

State University of New York Press

Published by State University of New York Press, Albany

Printed in the United States of America

No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.

For information, address State University of New York Press, 90 State Street, Suite 700, Albany, NY 12207

Production by Michael Haggett Marketing by Patrick Durocher

Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data

Roelofs, Joan. Foundations and public policy : the mask of pluralism / Joan Roelofs. p. cm. — (SUNY series in radical social and political theory) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7914-5641-2 (alk. paper) — ISBN 0-7914-5642-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Endowments—United States. 2. Policy sciences—Research grants—United States. 3. Political planning—United States. I. Title. II. Series.

HV97.A3 R64 2003 320'.6'0973—dc21

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

2002029232

Acknowledgments

Preface

1 Introduction

2 What Are Foundations?

3 Ideology and Information

4 Reforming Government

Contents

5 Market Supplement: Arts and Culture

6 Market Supplement: Social Welfare and the Economy

7 Foundations and the Legal System

8 Social Change Organizations

9 International Activities

10 Conclusions and Questions for Further Research

Appendix A. Inquiry Letter for Haymarket Research

Appendix B. Haymarket Research Questionnaire

Appendix C. Selected Groups Funded by Haymarket 1974–1978

Notes

Select Bibliography

Index

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259

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Acknowledgments

For their encouragement, inspiration, and/or enlightenment, I wish to thank the following people: Robert Arnove, Edward Berman, Simi Berman, Erkki Berndt-son, Carolyn Chute, Gerard Colby, Mary Anna Colwell, Charlotte Dennett, Bill Domhoff, Mark Dowie, Daniel Faber, Donald Fisher, Peter Dobkin Hall, Bill Harbaugh, Stanley Katz, Peter Kellman, Frances Kunreuther, Michael Mandel, Ward Morehouse, Gretchen Muller, Stephan Nikolov, Jim O’Connor, Susan Ostrander, Teresa Odendahl, Jon Pratt, Adolph Reed, Carmelo Ruiz, Brian Tokar, Jon Van Til, Stephen Viederman, Victor Wallis, and Betty Zisk. This book also has benefited greatly from my experiences as a board member of the Haymarket People’s Fund, as a National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow at the University of Virginia, and as a participant in the National Issues Forums at the New England Center for Civic Life, Franklin Pierce College. For invalu-able help, I would like to thank Keene State College librarians Lois Merry and Patrick O’Brien and social sciences administrative assistant Nancy Gitchell. Keene State College, using the fair procedures negotiated by the Keene State College Education Association (KSCEA), provided me with a sabbatical leave to write this book. Thanks to State University of New York Press for an efficient and a friendly publication process. Finally, I appreciate the sustenance I receive from my homegrown cheering squad, Cora and Daniel Roelofs.

The following journals have granted permission to include in this book material adapted from my previously published articles: Telos,for “Foundations and the Supreme Court” (winter 1984–1985), pp. 59–87. Critical Sociology,for “Foundations and Social Change Organizations: The Mask of Pluralism” (fall 1987), pp. 31–72. (The journal’s title was thenThe Insur-gent Sociologist.) New Political Science,<http://www.tandf.co.uk>, for “Foundations and Polit-ical Science” 23 (1992), pp. 3–28.

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viii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Permission has been granted to use quotations in epigraphs from the fol-lowing sources:

Alejandro Bendaña, “Which Way for NGOs?”Interhemispheric Resource Center Bulletin(October 1998), <http://www.fpif.org/>. Samuel Hayes, “The Politics of Reform in Municipal Government,”Pacific Northwest Quarterly(October 1964), pp. 157–169. Max Lerner, “The Divine Right of Judges,”The Nation29, 1936),( January pp. 379–81.

Preface

For the last twenty years I have been studying philanthropic foundations, with a particular focus on the large “liberal” ones that seek to influence public policy. My approach has been critical, in the tradition of power structure research. Founda-tions play a major part in producing consensus, yet their role has been unduly obscured. Exposés of conservative foundations are more common, but their authors rarely investigate the provenance of ideas being “pushed to the right.” Radical foundations also exist. To explore their potential for promoting social change, I served as a board member of an alternative foundation. It was time to 1 incorporate my studies and experience into a book-length work. My major goal has been to persuade other political scientists that a realistic accounting of the political world must acknowledge the activities of foundations and their grantees, which include think tanks, advocacy groups, cultural institu-tions, social service providers, and others. These institutions have frequent and significant interactions with corporations, governments, and international orga-nizations. Political scientists hardly ever take notice of either the official or crit-ical literature about philanthropy and its spawn. Some examples of omissions follow. Scholars note the interaction of “inter-est groups” with the U.S. Supreme Court but not the foundation grants creating both that particular universe of groups and the Court’s intellectual milieu, such as clinical legal education. Political scientists (unlike sociologists) tend to see political phenomena in atomistic, individualistic terms and focus on partisan or personality characteristics, ignoring the networks. Research on money and politics understandably emphasizes campaign con-tributions, but generally ignores the funding of ideas. Political scientists rarely study the origin and dissemination of their own disciplinary paradigms or main-stream political ideology, as they are assumed to be common sense or holy writ. Critical political scientists are few and obscure, and their empirical findings are not assimilated into political knowledge, yet it surely matters to democratic the-ory that the “marketplace of ideas” may be rigged. Another example follows: Sidney Tarrow and Adam Przeworski, writing in PS,state that political scientists could not predict the collapse of communism in 2 the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Had the profession been observing

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