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Symmetries and symmetry breakings: the fabric of physical interactions and the flow of time1 Giuseppe Longo Dépt d Informatique CNRS Ecole Normale Supérieure et CREA Polytechnique Paris http: www di ens fr users longo Summary This short note develops some ideas along the lines of the stimulating paper by Heylighen Found Sci 2010a It summarizes a theme in several writings with Francis Bailly downloadable from this author s web page The “geometrization” of time and causality is the common ground of the analysis hinted here and in Heylighen s paper Heylighen adds a logical notion consistency in order to understand a possible origin of the selective process that may have originated this organization of natural phenomena We will join our perspectives by hinting to some gnoseological complexes common to mathematics and physics which may shed light on the issues raised by Heylighen Note: Francis Bailly passed away recently: his immense experience in physics has been leading our joint work for many years Historically it is with relativist physics that there occurs a “change of perspective”: we pass from “causal laws” to the structural organization of space and time or even from causal laws to the “legality normativity of geometric structures” This understanding of causal laws by the identification of structural organizations stems essentially from the intrinsic duality existing between the characterization of the geometry of the universe and that of energy momentum within that universe By this duality and the putting into effect of the principle of invariance under the differentiable transformations of space time the “forces” are relativized to the nature of this geometry: they will even appear or disappear according to the geometric nature of the universe chosen a priori to describe physical behaviors Now it is similar for quantum physics in gauge theories Here gauge groups operate upon internal variables such as in the case of relativity where the choice of local gauges and their changes enable to define or ... icon
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Symmetries and symmetry breakings: the fabric of physical interactions and the flow of time1 Giuseppe Longo Dépt d'Informatique CNRS Ecole Normale Supérieure et CREA Polytechnique Paris http: www di ens fr users longo Summary This short note develops some ideas along the lines of the stimulating paper by Heylighen Found Sci 2010a It summarizes a theme in several writings with Francis Bailly downloadable from this author's web page The “geometrization” of time and causality is the common ground of the analysis hinted here and in Heylighen's paper Heylighen adds a logical notion consistency in order to understand a possible origin of the selective process that may have originated this organization of natural phenomena We will join our perspectives by hinting to some gnoseological complexes common to mathematics and physics which may shed light on the issues raised by Heylighen Note: Francis Bailly passed away recently: his immense experience in physics has been leading our joint work for many years Historically it is with relativist physics that there occurs a “change of perspective”: we pass from “causal laws” to the structural organization of space and time or even from causal laws to the “legality normativity of geometric structures” This understanding of causal laws by the identification of structural organizations stems essentially from the intrinsic duality existing between the characterization of the geometry of the universe and that of energy momentum within that universe By this duality and the putting into effect of the principle of invariance under the differentiable transformations of space time the “forces” are relativized to the nature of this geometry: they will even appear or disappear according to the geometric nature of the universe chosen a priori to describe physical behaviors Now it is similar for quantum physics in gauge theories Here gauge groups operate upon internal variables such as in the case of relativity where the choice of local gauges and their changes enable to define or ...

Giuseppe Longo
On the Relevance of Negative Results1 Giuseppe Longo CNRS et Dépt d Informatique École Normale Supérieure Paris et CREA École Polytechnique http: www di ens fr users longo Abstract The access to scientific knowledge is a construction of objectivity which needs the critical insight of “negative results” These consist in the explicit construction of internal limits to current theories and methods We shall hint to the role of some results which in Logic in Physics or Computing opened up new areas for knowledge by saying “No we cannot compute this we cannot decide that The idea is that both the sciences of life and of cognition in particular in connection to Mathematics and Computing need similar results in order to set limits to the passive transfer of physico mathematical methods into their autonomous construction of knowledge and open the way to new tools and perspectives We will compare this perspective with the requirement both at the national and European levels to finalize most all research activities into foreseeable industrial applications Scientific knowledge and critical insight The analysis of concepts conducted on a comparative level if possible as well as the tentative explanation of the philosophical project should always accompany scientific work In fact critical reflections regarding existing theories are at the core of positive scientific constructions because science is often constructed against the supposed tyranny and autonomy of “facts” which in reality are nothing but “small scale theories” Science is also often constructed by means of an audacious interpretation of “new” and old facts it progresses against the obvious and against common sense le “bon sens” it struggles against the illusions of immediate knowledge and must be capable of escaping from already established theoretical frameworks For example the very high level of mathematical technicity in the geometry of Ptolemaic epicycles constructed from clearly observable facts strongly perplexed numerous Renaissance thinkers such as ... icon
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On the Relevance of Negative Results1 Giuseppe Longo CNRS et Dépt d'Informatique École Normale Supérieure Paris et CREA École Polytechnique http: www di ens fr users longo Abstract The access to scientific knowledge is a construction of objectivity which needs the critical insight of “negative results” These consist in the explicit construction of internal limits to current theories and methods We shall hint to the role of some results which in Logic in Physics or Computing opened up new areas for knowledge by saying “No we cannot compute this we cannot decide that The idea is that both the sciences of life and of cognition in particular in connection to Mathematics and Computing need similar results in order to set limits to the passive transfer of physico mathematical methods into their autonomous construction of knowledge and open the way to new tools and perspectives We will compare this perspective with the requirement both at the national and European levels to finalize most all research activities into foreseeable industrial applications Scientific knowledge and critical insight The analysis of concepts conducted on a comparative level if possible as well as the tentative explanation of the philosophical project should always accompany scientific work In fact critical reflections regarding existing theories are at the core of positive scientific constructions because science is often constructed against the supposed tyranny and autonomy of “facts” which in reality are nothing but “small scale theories” Science is also often constructed by means of an audacious interpretation of “new” and old facts it progresses against the obvious and against common sense le “bon sens” it struggles against the illusions of immediate knowledge and must be capable of escaping from already established theoretical frameworks For example the very high level of mathematical technicity in the geometry of Ptolemaic epicycles constructed from clearly observable facts strongly perplexed numerous Renaissance thinkers such as ...

Giuseppe Longo