Atlas of Diatoms of Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, livre ebook

Jiuzhaigou was inscribed by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage Site in 1992 for its lakes and waterfalls, colorful travertine landscape and unique cultural features. It belongs to Category V (protected landscape) in the IUCN system of categorizing protected areas. Diatoms, a large group of eukaryotic (with a membrane-bound nucleus) microalgae and the most common photosynthesizers (they produce their own food in the same way as plants), are the most important group for maintaining the unique travertine ecosystems in aquatic biotopes. Due to their great diversity and the expertise required for their identification, the diatoms of Jiuzhaigou have been rarely and incompletely studied.

Atlas mainly provides a comprehensive diatom collection of Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve in the text form for diatom identification, with accompanying microscope images and alphabetical Latin names of the species list in the appendix. At the same time, it briefly introduces the basic information about Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve and general facts about diatoms to readers at home and abroad.

This book can be used for reference and study by researchers and students in universities, institutes and other professional institutions, as well as by professionals engaged in lake biology and environmental protection.

Contents

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V

CHAPTER 1

About Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Geographical Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Topography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Climatic Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Rivers and Water Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Soil Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Vegetation Resources and Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

CHAPTER 2

Common Facts About Diatoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

CHAPTER 3

Diatoms of Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

General Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Sampling and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

PLATE A: LM Microscope Photographs of Some Araphid Diatoms . . . . . . . 13

PLATE B: LM Microscope Photographs of Some Monoraphid Diatoms . . . . 13

PLATE C: LM Microscope Photographs of Some Asymmetrical Biraphid Diatoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

PLATE D: LM Microscope Photographs of Some Symmetrical Biraphid Diatoms . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

PLATE E: LM Microscope Photographs of Some Centric, Eunotioid, and Nitzschoid Diatoms . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 16

PLATE F: SEM Microscope Photographs of Some Diatoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

PLATE G: SEM Microscope Photographs of Some Diatoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

PLATE 1. Cyclotella distinguenda Hustedt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

PLATE 2. Lindavia radiosa (Grunow) De Toni & Forti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

PLATE 3. Lindavia khinganensis Rioual, Lindavia sp. aff. antiqua (W. Smith) Nakov, Guillory, Julius, Theriot & Alverson, Orthoseira roeseana (Rabenhorst) Pfitzer., Pantocsekiella ocellata (Pantocsek) K.T. Kiss & Ács, Stephanodiscus parvus Stoermer & Håkansson, Lindavia affinis (Grunow) Nakov, Guillory, Julius, Theriot & Alverson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

PLATE 4. Odontidium hyemale (Roth) Kützing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

PLATE 5. Odontidium mesodon (Ehrenberg) Kützing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

PLATE 6. Odontidium sp. 1. nov., Meridion circulare (Greville) C. Agardh . 25

PLATE 7. Diatoma vulgaris Bory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

PLATE 8. Diatoma moniliformis Kützing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

PLATE 9. Distrionella sp. 1. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

PLATE 10. Distrionella sp. 2. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

PLATE 11. Fragilaria tenera (W. Smith) Lange-Bertalot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

PLATE 12. Fragilaria sp. 1. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

PLATE 13. Fragilaria perdelicatissima Lange-Bertalot & Van de Vijver . . . . 38

PLATE 14. Fragilaria amphicephaloides Lange-Bertalot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

PLATE 15. Fragilaria sp. 2. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

PLATE 16. Fragilaria sp. 3. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

PLATE 17. Fragilaria sp. 4. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

PLATE 18. Fragilaria sp. 5. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

PLATE 19. Fragilaria sp. 6. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

PLATE 20. Fragilaria delicatissima (W. Smith) Lange-Bertalot, Fragilaria sp. aff radians (Kützing) D.M. Williams & F.E. Round, Fragilaria mesolepta Rabenhorst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

PLATE 21. Fragilaria gracilis Østrup, Fragilaria recapitellata Lange- Bertalot & Metzeltin, Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kützing) J.B. Petersen, Staurosira venter (Ehrenberg) Cleve & J.D. Möller . . 51

PLATE 22. Fragilaria sp. 7, Fragilaria sp. aff. vaucheriae (Kützing) Petersen, Fragilaria sp. aff. henryi Lange-Bertalot . . . . . . . . . . 53

PLATE 23. Ulnaria ulna var. subaequalis (Grunow) Aboal, Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch) Compère . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

PLATE 24. Ulnaria sp. aff. contracta (Østrup) E. Morales & M.L. Vis, Ulnaria acus (Kützing) Aboal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

PLATE 25. Hannaea arcus (Ehrenberg) R.M. Patrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

PLATE 26. Hannaea orientalis (Skuja) Q. Liu, Glushchenko, Kulikovskiy & Kociolek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

PLATE 27. Staurosira venter (Ehrenberg) Cleve & J.D. Möller sensu lato, Staurosira venter (Ehrenberg) Cleve & J.D. Möller, Staurosirella sp., Punctastriata sp. aff. mimetica E. Morales . . . . 60

PLATE 28. Staurosirella leptostauron (Ehrenberg) D.M. Williams & F.E. Round . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

PLATE 29. Staurosirella dubia (Grunow) E.A. Morales & K.M. Manoylov . . 65

PLATE 30. Staurosirella neopinnata E.A. Morales, C.E.Wetzel, Haworth & Ector . . . . . . . . . 65

PLATE 31. Pseudostaurosira microstriata (Marciniak) Flower, Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grunow) D.M. Williams & Round. . . . 68

PLATE 32. Pseudostaurosira pseudoconstruens (Marciniak) D.M. Williams & F.E. Round, Pseudostaurosira robusta (Fusey) D.M. Williams & F.E. Round, Pseudostaurosira parasitica (W. Smith) E. Morales, Pseudostaurosira sp. aff. microstriata (Marciniak) Flower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

PLATE 33. Achnanthidium sp. 1. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

PLATE 34. Achnanthidium longissimum P. Yu, Q.-M. You & J.P. Kociolek, Achnanthidium sp., Achnanthidium jiuzhaienis P. Yu, Q.-M. You & Q.-X. Wang, Achnanthidium sp. 2. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

PLATE 35. Achnanthidium pyrenaicum (Hustedt) H. Kobayasi . . . . . . . . . . 73

PLATE 36. Achnanthidium parallelum J.R. Carter ex Jüttner, D.M. Williams, Ector & C.E. Wetzel, Planothidium frequentissimum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot, Planothidium delicatulum (Kützing) Round & Bukhtiyarova, Achnanthidium trinode Ralfs, Platessa ziegleri (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot, Kolbesia sichuanenis P. Yu, Q.-M. You & Q.-X. Wang, Karayevia clevei (Grunow) Bukhtiyarova, Platessa conspicua (A. Mayer) Lange-Bertalot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

PLATE 37. Eucocconeis flexella (Kützing) Meister . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

PLATE 38. Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg, Cocconeis euglypta Ehrenberg, Cocconeis sp., Eucocconeis laevis (Østrup) Lange-Bertalot . . . . . 79

PLATE 39. Cocconeis lineata Ehrenberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

PLATE 40. Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

PLATE 41. Eunotia flexuosa (Brébisson) Kützing, Eunotia valida Hustedt, Eunotia glacialifalsa Lange-Bertalot, Eunotia arcubus Nörpel-Schempp & Lange-Bertalot, Eunotia ruzickae Bily & Marvan . . . 84

PLATE 42. Eunotia arcus Ehrenberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

PLATE 43. Eunotia pseudominor Pavlov & Levkov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

PLATE 44. Navicula tripunctata (O.F. Müller) Bory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

PLATE 45. Navicula radiosa Kützing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

PLATE 46. Navicula cryptotenella Lange-Bertalot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

PLATE 47. Navicula cryptotenelloides Lange-Bertalot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

PLATE 48. Navicula oligotraphenta Lange-Bertalot & Hofmann, Navicula cryptocephala Kützing, Navicula praeterita Hustedt, Navicula subalpina E. Reichardt, Navicula cryptofallax Lange-Bertalot & Hofmann . . . . . . . . . . 95

PLATE 49. Navicula pseudoharmoniae Chudaev. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

PLATE 50. Navicula scaniae Van de Vijver, Jarlman & Lange-Bertalot, Navicula sp. aff. cryptocephala Kützing, Navicula seibigiana Lange-Bertalot, Navicula tenelloides Hustedt, Navicula sp. . . . . 100

PLATE 51. Navicula peroblonga Metzeltin, Lange-Bertalot & Soninkhishig, Navicula oblonga (Kützing) Kützing, Navicula sp. .. . . . 102

PLATE 52. Navicula oligotraphenta Lange-Bertalot & Hofmann, Placoneis abiskoensis (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin ... 102

PLATE 53. Adlafia bryophila (J.B. Petersen) Lange-Bertalot . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

PLATE 54. Amphipleura pellucida (Kützing) Kützing, Adlafia sp.1. nov., Geissleria acceptata (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin, Luticola ventriconfusa Lange-Bertalot, Fallacia subhamulata (Grunow) D.G. Mann, Kobayasiella parasubtilissima (H. Kobayasi & T. Nagumo) Lange-Bertalot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

PLATE 55. Sellaphora stroemii (Hustedt) D.G. Mann, Chamaepinnularia sp. 1., Chamaepinnularia sp. 2., Microcostatus naumanii (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

PLATE 56. Sellaphora sp. 1 nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

PLATE 57. Frustulia vulgaris (Thwaites) De Toni, Frustulia amosseana Lange-Bertalot, Berkella linearis Ross & Sims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

PLATE 58. Berkella linearis Ross & Sims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

PLATE 59. Stauroneis conspicua Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot, Stauroneis gracilis Ehrenberg, Aneumastus tusculus (Ehrenberg) D.G.

Mann & A.J. Stickle, Neidium distinctepunctatum Hustedt, Neidium bisulcatum var. subampliatum Krammer, Neidium bisulcatum (Lagerstedt) Cleve, Neidiomorpha binodiformis (Krammer) Cantonati, Lange-Bertalot & N. Angeli, Stauroneis separanda Lange-Bertalot & Werum . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

PLATE 60. Brachysira sp. 1. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

PLATE 61. Brachysira vitrea (Grunow) R. Ross, Brachysira microcephala

(Grunow) Compère . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

PLATE 62. Brachysira neoexilis Lange-Bertalot, Brachysira sp. 2. nov.,

Brachysira sp. 3. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

PLATE 63. Diploneis sp. 1. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

PLATE 64. Diploneis mollenhaueri Lange-Bertalot & Fuhrmann, Diploneis

fontanella Lange-Bertalot, Diploneis calcicolafrequens Lange-

Bertalot & Fuhrmann, Diploneis separanda Lange-Bertalot. . . . . 123

PLATE 65. Diploneis praetermissa Lange-Bertalot & Furhmann, Diploneis

oculata (Brébisson) A. Cleve, Caloneis fontinalis (Grunow)

Lange-Bertalot & E. Reichardt, Caloneis lancettula (E. Schulz)

Lange-Bertalot & A. Witkowski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

PLATE 66. Caloneis alpestris (Grunow) Cleve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

PLATE 67. Caloneis limosa (Ehrenberg) Patrick, Caloneis sp. 1. . . . . . . . . . 130

PLATE 68. Caloneis undulata (Gregory) Krammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

PLATE 69. Caloneis falcifera Lange-Bertalot, Genkal & Vekhov, Caloneis

sp. aff. undulata (Gregory) Krammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

PLATE 70. Pinnularia viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg, Pinnularia subcommutata

var. nonfasciata Krammer, Pinnularia divergens W. Smith,

Pinnularia grunowii Krammer, Pinnularia divergentissima

(Grunow) Cleve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

PLATE 71. Sichuaniella lacustris (Y.-L. Li, Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin) Li

Yanling, Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

PLATE 72. Stauroneis sp. 1. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

PLATE 73. Mastogloia lacustris (Grunow) Van Heurck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

X Contents

PLATE 74. Encyonema silesiacum (Bleisch) D.G. Mann. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

PLATE 75. Encyonema ventricosum (C. Agardh) Grunow, Encyonema sp.,

Encyonema minutum (Hilse) D.G. Mann, Encyonema oblonga

Q. Lui & S. Xie, Encyonopsis subminuta Krammer & E.

Reichardt, Cymbella lancettula (Krammer) Krammer, Cymbella

stigmaphora Østrup, Cymbella neoleptoceros Krammer . . . . . . . . 143

PLATE 76. Encyonopsis cesatiformis Krammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

PLATE 77. Encyonopsis cesatii (Rabenhorst) Krammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

PLATE 78. Encyonopsis descripta (Hustedt) Krammer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

PLATE 79. Encyonopsis krammeri E. Reichardt, Encyonopsis microcephala

(Grunow) Krammer, Encyonopsis subminuta Krammer . . . . . . . . 148

PLATE 80. Cymbella neocistula Krammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

PLATE 81. Cymbella dorsenotata Østrup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

PLATE 82. Cymbella sp. aff. subcistula Krammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

PLATE 83. Cymbella asiaca Metzeltin, Lange-Bertalot & Y. Li . . . . . . . . . . 156

PLATE 84. Cymbella stuxbergii (Cleve) Cleve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

PLATE 85. Cymbella rumrichae Krammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

PLATE 86. Cymbella hantzschiana Krammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

PLATE 87. Cymbella weslawskii Krammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

PLATE 88. Cymbella subhelvetica Krammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

PLATE 89. Cymbella botellus (Lagerstedt) A. Schmidt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

PLATE 90. Cymbella khokhensis Metzeltin, Lange-Bertalot & Nergui . . . . . . 166

PLATE 91. Cymbella sp. 1. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

PLATE 92. Cymbella sp. 2. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

PLATE 93. Delicata sinensis Krammer & Metzeltin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

PLATE 94. Delicata sp. 1. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

PLATE 95. Cymbopleura subaequalis (Grunow) Krammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

PLATE 96. Cymbopleura oblongata var. parva Krammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

PLATE 97. Cymbopleura sp. 1. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

PLATE 98. Cymbopleura sp. 1. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

PLATE 99. Cymbopleura laeviformis Krammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

PLATE 100. Cymbopleura rupicola (Grunow) Krammer, Cymbopleura lata

(Grunow) Krammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

PLATE 101. Cymbopleura sp. 2. nov., Delicata williamsii B. Liu & S. Blanco 183

PLATE 102. Cymbopleura sp. 3. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

PLATE 103. Cymbopleura aff. lapponica (Grunow) Krammer . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

PLATE 104. Cymbopleura aff. stauroneiformis (Lagerstedt) Krammer. . . . . . 188

PLATE 105. Cymbopleura similiformis Krammer, Cymbopleura amphicephala

(Nägeli) Krammer, Cymbopleura sublanceolata Krammer,

Cymbopleura naviculiformis (Auerswald) Krammer . . . . . . . . . . . 188

PLATE 106. Reimeria uniseriata S.E. Sala, J.M. Guerrero & M.E. Ferrario,

Reimeria ovata (Hustedt) Levkov & Ector, Reimeria sinuata

(W. Gregory) Kociolek & Stoermer, Cymbellafalsa sp. 1. nov. . . 189

PLATE 107. Amphora ovalis (Kützing) Kützing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Contents XI

PLATE 108. Amphora alpestris Levkov, Halamphora veneta (Kützing)

Levkov, Halamphora normanii var. undulata (Krasske)

Levkov, Halamphora normanii (Rabenhorst) Levkov,

Amphora inariensis Krammer, Amphora copulata (Kützing)

Schoeman & R.E.M. Archibald, Amphora pediculus (Kützing)

Grunow, Halamphora thumensis (A. Mayer) Levkov . . . . . . . . . . 195

PLATE 109. Halamphora oligotraphenta (Lange-Bertalot) Levkov. . . . . . . . . 197

PLATE 110. Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) M. Schmidt . . . . . . . . . . . 197

PLATE 111. Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

PLATE 112. Gomphonema vibrio Ehrenberg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

PLATE 113. Gomphonema lateripunctatum E. Reichardt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

PLATE 114. Gomphonema kasnakowi Mereschkowsky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

PLATE 115. Gomphonema sp. 1. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

PLATE 116. Gomphonema tenue Fricke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

PLATE 117. Gomphonema elegantissimum E. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot . . 208

PLATE 118. Gomphonema sp. 2. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

PLATE 119. Gomphonema auritum A. Braun ex Kützing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

PLATE 120. Gomphonema micropus Kützing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

PLATE 121. Gomphonema dichotomum Kützing, Gomphosinica hedinii

(Hustedt) Kociolek, You, Wang & Liu, Gomphonella sp. 1.

nov. aff. olivaceoides var. densestriata Foged . . . . . . . . . . . 216

PLATE 122. Denticula tenuis Kützing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

PLATE 123. Denticula sp. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

PLATE 124. Nitzschia denticula Grunow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

PLATE 125. Nitzschia denticula Grunow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

PLATE 126. Grunowia solgensis (A. Cleve) Aboal, Hantzschia abundans Lange-Bertalot, Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenberg) Grunow, Hantzschia amphioxys var. aequalis Cleve-Euler, Surirella minuta Brébisson ex Kützing, Nitzschia monachorum Lange-Bertalot, Nitzschia recta Hantzsch, Nitzschia diversa Hustedt . 224

PLATE 127. Nitzschia gisela Lange-Bertalot, Nitzschia linearis W. Smith, Nitzschia rectirobusta Lange-Bertalot . . . . . . . . . 226

PLATE 128. Nitzschia gessneri Hustedt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

PLATE 129. Nitzschia fossilis (Grunow) Grunow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

PLATE 130. Nitzschia sp. aff. archibaldii Lange-Bertalot, Nitzschia fonticola (Grunow) Grunow, Nitzschia sp. 1., Nitzschia dealpina Lange-Bertalot & Hofmann, Nitzschia bulnheimiana (Rabenhorst) H. L. Smith, Nitzschia jucunda Hustedt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

PLATE 131. Tryblionella angustata W. Smith. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Index of the Taxa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Meanings of the Most Common Latin Abbreviations Used in Taxa . . . . . . . . 245