Ultrasound Imaging in Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease , livre ebook

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144 pages

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Ultrasound imaging techniques are an indispensable complement to physical examination, which is often frustrating, if not useless, for diagnosing kidney problems. The application of ultrasound techniques in clinical routine helps clinicians to rule out, at first glance, some serious pathological conditions and to concentrate on the accurate diagnosis of the patient. Moreover, sonography can extend the spectrum of diagnostic criteria in acute kidney diseases. It makes it possible to determine morphological parameters without potentially toxic contrast media while exploring functional aspects with contrast enhanced or Doppler ultrasound techniques. This publication meets a growing demand for current information among physicians and nurses in the field. With a focus on the daily practice of diagnosing kidney disease, it is an important resource for both beginner and advanced users of ultrasound imaging techniques.

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Publié par	S. Karger AG
Date de parution	13 mai 2016
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9783318058840
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	2 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0522€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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Ultrasound Imaging in Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease
Contributions to Nephrology
Vol.188
Series Editor
Claudio Ronco Vicenza
Ultrasound Imaging in Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume Editors
Mario Meola Pisa
Ilaria Petrucci Pisa
Claudio Ronco Vicenza
74 figures, 58 in color, and 8 tables, 2016
Contributions to Nephrology
(Founded 1975 by Geoffrey M. Berlyne)
_______________________ Mario Meola Department of Internal Medicine Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies University of Pisa Via Savi 10 IT-56126 Pisa (Italy)
_______________________ Ilaria Petrucci Department of Internal Medicine Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies University of Pisa Via Savi 10 IT-56126 Pisa (Italy)
_______________________ Claudio Ronco Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation International Renal Research Institute (IRRIV) San Bortolo Hospital Viale Rodolfi 37 IT-36100 Vicenza (Italy)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Meola, Mario, editor. | Petrucci, Ilaria, editor. | Ronco, C. (Claudio), 1951-editor.
Title: Ultrasound imaging in acute and chronic kidney disease/volume editors Mario Meola, Ilaria Petrucci, Claudio Ronco.
Other titles: Contributions to nephrology ; v. 188.
Description: Basel ; New York: Karger, 2016. | Series: Contributions to nephrology ; vol. 188 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016015847| ISBN 9783318058833 (hard cover: alk. paper) | ISBN 9783318058840 (ebook)
Subjects: | MESH: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic--ultrasonography | Acute Kidney Injury--ultrasonography
Classification: LCC RC918.R4 | NLM WJ 342 | DDC 616.6/14--dc23 LC record available at
https://lccn.loc.gov/2016015847

Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents ® and Index Medicus.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2016 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Kraft Druck, Ettlingen
ISSN 0302-5144
e-ISSN 1662-2782
ISBN 978-3-318-05883-3
e-ISBN 978-3-318-05884-0
Contents
Preface
Meola, M.; Petrucci, I. (Pisa); Ronco, C. (Vicenza)
Acute Kidney Disease
Pathophysiology and Clinical Work-Up of Acute Kidney Injury
Meola, M. (Pisa); Nalesso, F. (Vicenza); Petrucci, I. (Pisa); Samoni, S. (Pisa/Vicenza); Ronco, C. (Vicenza)
Ultrasound in Acute Kidney Disease
Meola, M. (Pisa); Nalesso, F. (Vicenza); Petrucci, I. (Pisa); Samoni, S. (Pisa/Vicenza); Ronco, C. (Vicenza)
Clinical Scenarios in Acute Kidney Injury: Pre-Renal Acute Kidney Injury
Meola, M. (Pisa); Nalesso, F. (Vicenza); Petrucci, I. (Pisa); Samoni, S. (Pisa/Vicenza); Ronco, C. (Vicenza)
Clinical Scenarios in Acute Kidney Injury: Hepatorenal Syndrome
Meola, M. (Pisa); Nalesso, F. (Vicenza); Petrucci, I. (Pisa); Samoni, S. (Pisa/Vicenza); Ronco, C. (Vicenza)
Clinical Scenarios in Acute Kidney Injury: Parenchymal Acute Kidney Injury-Tubulo-Interstitial Diseases
Meola, M. (Pisa); Samoni, S. (Pisa/Vicenza); Petrucci, I. (Pisa); Ronco, C. (Vicenza)
Clinical Scenarios in Acute Kidney Injury-Parenchymal Acute Kidney Injury-Vascular Diseases
Meola, M. (Pisa); Samoni, S. (Pisa/Vicenza); Petrucci, I. (Pisa); Ronco, C. (Vicenza)
Clinical Scenarios in Acute Kidney Injury: Post-Renal Acute Kidney Injury
Meola, M. (Pisa); Samoni, S. (Pisa/Vicenza); Petrucci, I. (Pisa); Ronco, C. (Vicenza)
Chronic Kidney Disease
Imaging in Chronic Kidney Disease
Meola, M. (Pisa); Samoni, S. (Pisa/Vicenza); Petrucci, I. (Pisa)
Clinical Scenarios in Chronic Kidney Disease: Vascular Chronic Diseases
Meola, M. (Pisa); Samoni, S. (Pisa/Vicenza); Petrucci, I. (Pisa)
Clinical Scenarios in Chronic Kidney Disease: Parenchymal Chronic Renal Diseases - Part 1
Petrucci, I. (Pisa); Samoni, S. (Pisa/Vicenza); Meola, M. (Pisa)
Clinical Scenarios in Chronic Kidney Disease: Parenchymal Chronic Renal Diseases - Part 2
Petrucci, I. (Pisa); Samoni, S. (Pisa/Vicenza); Meola, M. (Pisa)
Clinical Scenarios in Chronic Kidney Disease: Chronic Tubulointerstitial Diseases
Meola, M. (Pisa); Samoni, S. (Pisa/Vicenza); Petrucci, I. (Pisa)
Clinical Scenarios in Chronic Kidney Disease: Cystic Renal Diseases
Meola, M. (Pisa); Samoni, S. (Pisa/Vicenza); Petrucci, I. (Pisa)
Clinical Scenarios in Chronic Kidney Disease: Kidneys'Structural Changes in End-Stage Renal Disease
Meola, M. (Pisa); Samoni, S. (Pisa/Vicenza); Petrucci, I. (Pisa)
Author Index
Subject Index
Preface
Ultrasound imaging techniques today represent a complementary yet indispensable tool in the process of diagnosis and care of kidney disease. Ultrasound machines are available in most departments of intensive care and nephrology, and their use has become a routine for clinicians directly involved in patient care rather than being procedures reserved only to experienced radiologists. The socalled ‘Visual Medicine’ is becoming part of the core curriculum of several disciplines and nephrology is one of the most advanced fields in this endeavor. The evolution of ultrasound equipment into smaller and flexible devices, has further contributed to the expansion of application of sonography in the process of diagnosis. The growing demand for education and training in this area has prompted us to develop this volume, timely published by Karger, in the book series 'Contributions to Nephrology'.
New generations of physicians and nurses consider renal echography to be an expansion of their physical examination of the patient, making portable ultrasound equipment similar to what the stethoscope has been in the last century. This visionary approach requires the inclusion of visual medicine in the core curriculum of young physicians and nurses to make them acquainted with the newest techniques and the potential of the imaging approach to diagnosis.
Nephrology is a subspecialty of medicine that will gather specific advantages from the wide application of ultrasound diagnostic techniques. The kidney is a deep organ in the abdomen and physical examination is often frustrating, if not useless, for the diagnosis of kidney problems. Echography has already demonstrated in recent years the enormous advantages for interventional practices such as kidney biopsy. Today, with the addition of Doppler techniques, US imaging in nephrology has further enhanced its importance.
Sonography is also important in the case of acute kidney diseases, allowing to expand the spectrum of diagnostic criteria and to trigger specific treatment strategies as in the case of acute urinary tract obstruction. The possibility to determine morphological parameters and at the same time to explore functional aspects with contrast-enhanced or Doppler ultrasound techniques, is of great value in acutely ill patients especially in the case of oliguria. The non-invasive nature of the technique and the possibility to perform a morphological analysis without potentially toxic contrast media makes echography a technique of choice in patients at risk for acute kidney injury. Recently, further improvement has been achieved in contrast-enhanced ultrasound using non-toxic gas microbubbles as the image contrast enhancer. Another advantage of modern echography is the light weight of equipment, the easy transportability and the possibility to perform examinations at the bedside without the need of transporting the patient to radiologic departments or special imaging areas of the hospital.
Of course the wide application of echography in nephrology and critical care nephrology will require an investment in equipment and education of physicians and nurses. It remains obvious that ultrasound will be a first-line approach for diagnosis while more sophisticated approaches and other imaging techniques will always require an experienced radiologist and large and expensive equipment. Nevertheless, the wider application of ultrasound techniques in clinical routine will allow to rule out at a first glance some important pathological conditions and to concentrate on an accurate diagnosis of the patient. Clinical and bioc