Sugar and Settlers: A history of the Natal South Coast, 1850-1910 , livre ebook
428
pages
English
Ebooks
2015
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428
pages
English
Ebook
2015
Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus
Publié par
Date de parution
01 septembre 2015
Nombre de lectures
0
EAN13
9781920382711
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
22 Mo
Duncan Du Bois provides a detailed and fascinating history of a hitherto much-neglected part of what was the colony of Natal. Based primarily on original archival research, he traces the southward advance of the white settler frontier and its sugar-based economy from Isipingo to the Mzimkulu river and, without the sugar engine, to the Mtamvuna.
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Publié par
Date de parution
01 septembre 2015
Nombre de lectures
0
EAN13
9781920382711
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
22 Mo
Sugarand Settlers A history of the Natal South Coast 1850-1910
Duncan L. Du Bois
Sugar and Settlers A history of the Natal South Coast 1850–1910
Duncan L. Du Bois
Sugar and Settlers: A history of the Natal South Coast, 1850-1910
Published by Sun Media Bloemfontein (Pty) Ltd.
Imprint: SunBonani Scholar
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Copyright © 2015 Sun Media Bloemfontein and the author
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Views reLected in this publication are not necessarily those of the publisher.
First edition 2015
ISBN: 978-1-920382-70-4 (Print) ISBN: 978-1-920382-71-1 (e-book) DOI: https://doi.org/10.18820/9781920382711
Set in Minion Pro 11/13.5 Cover design, typesetting and production by Sun Media Bloemfontein
Research, academic and reference works are published under this imprint in print and electronic format.
This printed copy can be ordered directly from: media@sunbonani.co.za The e-book is available at the following link: https://doi.org/10.18820/9781920382711
Acknowledgments Graeu anks or Inancîa conrîuîons owards e puîcaîon o îs work îs erey acknowedged o e oowîng peope and însîuîons:
Arnand Moodey Jon Du Boîs Mark Peruma Tony Roînson Anon Koc Crookes Bros. ïovo Sugar
he îmage on e cover, daed 1914-1915, îs o e pîvoa Mkomanzî rîdge, wî e Umkomaas cenra sugar mî o e et (Kîîe Campe îrary, Duran).
he map on e cover page o caper ree îs used wî e kînd permîssîon o S. O’B Spencer.
hanks o Gooam Vaed o UKZN or comîng up wî “Sugar and Seers” as an înroducîon o e orîgîna esîs îe.
Contents
PREFACE .......................................................................................................
PART 1 ................................................................................................ CHAPTER 1: THE SETTLEMENT OF ISIPINGO ........................................ Introduction .................................................................................................................. Agricultural experiments ........................................................................................... Labour shortage .......................................................................................................... Sugar mills: A yardstick of progress ........................................................................ IndenturedIndians.....................................................................................................End of an era ................................................................................................................ Forging community ..................................................................................................... Concluding remarks ................................................................................................... In closing .......................................................................................................................
i
1 3 5 11 15 17 20 23 26 30 32
CHAPTER 2: SOUTHWARD COLONISING PRESENCE ........................... 33 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 35 Chief Mnini’s relocation ............................................................................................ 37 Missions and missionaries ........................................................................................ 39 Henry Francis Fynn .................................................................................................... 41 Settlement of Lower Mkomanzi ............................................................................... 45 Umzinto Sugar Company .......................................................................................... 48 Framing the future ..................................................................................................... 50 In closing ....................................................................................................................... 52
CHAPTER 3: THE BIRTH OF ALFRED COUNTY ....................................... 53 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 55 Nomansland ................................................................................................................. 56 Alfred County, 1866-1870 ........................................................................................ 66 Stagnation ..................................................................................................................... 68 In closing ....................................................................................................................... 72
CHAPTER 4: ALEXANDRA COUNTY, 1860-1870 ..................................... 73 Pioneering growth ....................................................................................................... 75 Labour question ......................................................................................................... 80
Travel and transport ................................................................................................... 81 Sugar prospects ........................................................................................................... 86 Shipping ........................................................................................................................ 89 Growing European presence .................................................................................... 93 Georgina Nelson ........................................................................................................ 97 Grant violations ........................................................................................................... 100 Economic trends ......................................................................................................... 102 Recession in Alexandra County, 1865-1866 ......................................................... 104 Sugar planting at crossroads .................................................................................... 106 Social relations ............................................................................................................ 109 Africans ................................................................................................................ 109 Settler society ..................................................................................................... 113 Public works ................................................................................................................. 118 In closing ....................................................................................................................... 119
CHAPTER 5: A DECADE OF LOST OPPORTUNITIES .............................. 121 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 123 Alexandra County ........................................................................................................ 123 Bridge over the Mkomanzi ........................................................................................ 125 Roads ............................................................................................................................. 127 J.B. Aiken and the Railway Bill .................................................................................. 128 Seagoing transport .................................................................................................... 130 Labour and sugar production ................................................................................... 134 Economic growth ........................................................................................................ 138 Political representation .............................................................................................. 139 The Anglo-Zulu War ................................................................................................... 141 Social life ....................................................................................................................... 143 Alfred County ............................................................................................................... 146 Minimal government .................................................................................................. 146 Lost opportunities ....................................................................................................... 148 Aiken enterprise .......................................................................................................... 149 In closing ....................................................................................................................... 152
CHAPTER 6: THE THOMAS REYNOLDS YEARS ...................................... 153 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 155 Accessing the Mzimkulu ............................................................................................ 156 Mzimkulu harbour works: The struggle for government funding ..................... 159 Roads, a post office and a township ....................................................................... 164
Request for a magistracy in Lower Umzimkulu .................................................... 166 Official indifference .................................................................................................... 168 Telegraph link .............................................................................................................. 170 Applying for fiscal port status: 1883 ....................................................................... 173 Applying for fiscal port status: 1884 ....................................................................... 173 Applying for fiscal port status: 1885 ....................................................................... 176 Elements of handicap: The Mkomanzi – the punt, shipping, a bridge ............ 178 Marburg’s Norwegian settlers .................................................................................. 181 Development overview: Alfred County .................................................................. 184 Development overview: Alexandra County ........................................................... 185 Political engagement .................................................................................................. 187 In closing ....................................................................................................................... 190
CHAPTER 7: CINDERELLA COUNTY ......................................................... 191 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 193 General Sir John Jarvis Bisset ................................................................................... 193 Fiscal port status ......................................................................................................... 196 Bridge over the Mkomanzi ........................................................................................ 199 Factionalism ................................................................................................................. 199 Gold fever .................................................................................................................... 201 Tardy progress ............................................................................................................. 204 Hime and the bridge over the Mkomanzi .............................................................. 206 Coastal shipping .......................................................................................................... 210 Mzinto Bay .................................................................................................................... 212 Mzimkulu mouth ......................................................................................................... 213 Fiscal port ..................................................................................................................... 214 Evaluation of “Cinderella” status ............................................................................. 215 In closing ....................................................................................................................... 220
PART 2 ................................................................................................ 221 CHAPTER 8: A REVIEW OF AFRICAN INTERACTION WITH COLONISATION ......................................................... 223 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 225 Land and labour .......................................................................................................... 225 Drunkenness ................................................................................................................ 231 Crime and security ...................................................................................................... 233 Environment ................................................................................................................. 236
Education ..................................................................................................................... 237 Health ........................................................................................................................... 239 Unrest ............................................................................................................................ 241 In closing ....................................................................................................................... 242
CHAPTER 9: INDIANS ON THE SOUTH COAST ...................................... 243 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 245 Domestic conditions amongst the indentured: Pre-Wragg Commission (1885-1887) .................................................................... 246 Human rights abuses and the Wragg Commission of 1885-1987 ................... 249 Human rights abuses post-Wragg Commission ................................................... 251 Land grants ................................................................................................................... 254 Education ..................................................................................................................... 256 Indian commercial presence .................................................................................... 258 Public representatives and Indians ......................................................................... 260 Some remarks ............................................................................................................ 264 Case study: Reynolds Bros. exploitation of indentured labour ......................... 266 The Reynolds Inquiry ................................................................................................. 269 In closing ....................................................................................................................... 275
PART 3 ................................................................................................ 277 CHAPTER 10: ECONOMIC GROWTH, PESTILENCE AND WAR ........... 279 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 281 Shipping on the Mzimkulu ........................................................................................ 281 Railways ........................................................................................................................ 286 The Isipingo–Umzinto railway ................................................................................. 289 The Park Rynie–Port Shepstone railway ............................................................... 293 Other developments ................................................................................................... 296 Property investment ................................................................................................... 299 Tourism ......................................................................................................................... 300 Commercial agriculture ............................................................................................. 300 Locusts and rinderpest .............................................................................................. 302 Settler society .............................................................................................................. 306 Patrician lifestyles ....................................................................................................... 308 Politics ........................................................................................................................... 309 Recreation .................................................................................................................... 310 The Anglo-Boer War .................................................................................................. 312 In closing ....................................................................................................................... 313
CHAPTER 11: COAST OF DREAMS AND STAGNATION ......................... 315 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 317 Property development ............................................................................................... 317 Social life ....................................................................................................................... 322 Railway service and extension ................................................................................. 326 Port Shepstone harbour ............................................................................................ 333 Political issues and trends: Towards union ........................................................... 341 African unrest and the Bhambatha rebellion ............................................... 341 Alexandra’s representatives ............................................................................ 342 The 1906 election ............................................................................................. 344 The Union issue ................................................................................................. 346 In closing ....................................................................................................................... 349
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................. 351
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 365
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................... 376
INDEX ............................................................................................................ 377
APPENDIX A: EMPLOYMENT OF INDENTURED INDIANS ..................... 384
APPENDIX B: DIRECTORIES OF MALE INHABITANTS ........................... 385
APPENDIX C: SHIPPING MOVEMENTS TO AND FROM DURBAN, 1880-1902 .......................................................... 391
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