Puffin History of India Volume 1 , livre ebook

Penguin Books Ltd - Roshen Dalal

Découvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement

Je m'inscris

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

302 pages

English

Vous pourrez modifier la taille du texte de cet ouvrage

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

A propos
Informations
Extrait

Description

Pick up this book for a rollercoaster ride through centuries of world history How did the world become what it is today? How and when were the countries formed? Where did people come from? How did art, technology, science, language and literature begin? In The Puffin History of the World- Volume 1, Roshen Dalal traces the origin of human beings and the different aspects of their development and growth, right from the big bang and the origin of the universe, up to CE 1500. Well-researched and comprehensive, this book speaks of great civilizations and empires, epics, myths and legends, religions old and new, wars and conquests, clothes, food and lifestyle, trade, travel and adventure and much more. It packs in exciting trivia, numerous maps and illustrations that provide a breathtaking overview of global history. Ideal for students and young readers, this amazing reference guide helps to bring the past to life like never before.

Sujets

Histoire

History of Asia

India

Informations

Publié par	Penguin Books Ltd
Date de parution	15 février 2014
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9789351186144
Langue	English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0400€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Roshen Dalal

The Puffin History of India Volume 1
Illustrations by Aarohi Phadke, Arvinder Chawla and Arun Pottirayil Maps by Suman Tarafdar

PUFFIN BOOKS
Contents
About the Author
Read more in Puffin by Roshen Dalal
Dedication
Introduction
A System of Dating
Location of Places
1 India-Our Land
2 The First People
3 Village Life
4 The Indus Civilization: An Urban Revolution
5 Village Life in Other Parts of India
6 The Rig Vedic People
7 The Later Vedic Period
8 Archaeology and the Vedic Period
9 Megalithic Cultures
10 The Mahajanapadas and the Rise of Magadha
11 New Religious Sects between 600 and 400 BC
12 Alexander
13 The Mauryas
14 North India after the Mauryas
15 The Kushanas
16 The Satavahanas
17 Kingdoms of the South
18 Towns and Trade: 200 BC - AD 300
19 The Guptas
20 The Deccan and South India
21 Harshavardhana
22 Northern India between AD 700 and 1200
23 Some Other Kingdoms of the North
24 Life in the Northern Kingdoms
25 South India between AD 600 and 1200
26 India in AD 1200
27 Ghazni and Ghur
28 The First Sultans of Delhi
29 The Khaljis and the Tughlaqs
30 The Sayyids and the Lodis
31 Some Independent States
32 Life at the Time of the Sultanate- AD 1200-1500
33 The Bahmani and Vijayanagara Kingdoms
34 The Early Mughals
35 Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan
36 Aurangzeb and the Decline of the Mughals
37 Life in Mughal India
38 The Marathas and the Sikhs
39 Other Independent States
40 Major Religious Developments between AD 1200 and 1750
41 The Europeans Arrive
42 The British Expansion and Conquest
43 Further Expansion-From Wellesley to Dalhousie
44 Administrative, Economic and Social Changes
45 Art and Culture-1750-1857
46 Early Indian Reformers
47 The Revolt of 1857
48 The Indian States
49 The Rise of Nationalism
50 The Moderates and the Extremists
51 The Later Reformers
52 The Muslim League
53 Art and Culture after 1858
54 Social Change in the Twentieth Century
55 New Political Trends between 1908 and 1919
56 Mahatma Gandhi and Non-Cooperation
57 The Intermediate Years-1922-1929
58 Civil Disobedience-1930-1934
59 The First Indian Government
60 India during the Second World War
61 India before Independence
62 The Last Phase-1945-1947
Footnotes
2 The First People
4 The Indus Civilization: An Urban Revolution
21 Harshavardhana
Follow Penguin
Copyright
PUFFIN BOOKS
THE PUFFIN HISTORY OF INDIA VOLUME 1
Roshen Dalal is the author of Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths, Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide, The Illustrated Timeline History of the World and the bestselling two-volume The Puffin History of India for Children . She has an MA and PhD in Ancient Indian History from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. She has worked on various research projects, taught at school and university level, and written numerous articles and book reviews. She lives in Dehradun.
Read more in Puffin by Roshen Dalal
The Puffin History of India Volume 2 (1947 to the Present) The Puffin History of the World Volume 1
To my mother Nergis Dalal
Introduction
This book is a result of my years of teaching at the Rishi Valley School in Andhra Pradesh. The young students were lively, curious and full of questions but there were no books on Indian history which they could easily read and understand.
This book therefore has been written with young people in mind. It has been divided into relatively short chapters, with numerous subheads to make for easy reading. While concepts and ideas have been included, the book is also information based and therefore will serve as a source of reference.
While writing this history I have kept certain factors in mind- it should be accurate, incorporating recognized viewpoints of history; it should introduce young people to different sources, including archaeology; it should give equal emphasis to the history of south India, an area usually neglected. Finally, it should be something young people can read and understand themselves.
I have used various different sources which are too many to list here. However, some of the main secondary sources are- Romila Thapar, A History of India Vol I; Percival Spear, A History of India Vol II; A. L. Basham, The Wonder That Was India, Pt I; S.A.A. Rizvi, The Wonder That Was India, Pt II; R.C. Majumdar, et. al., An Advanced History of India; the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan series edited by R.C. Majumdar on the History and Culture of the Indian People; Bridget and Raymond Allchin, The Rise of Civilisation in India and Pakistan; Bipan Chandra, Amales Tripathi and Barun De, Freedom Struggle; Bipan Chandra, et. al., India s Struggle for Independence; Nilakanta Sastri, History of South India; the series of history textbooks published by the NCERT, and the Social Science textbooks published by the Ekalavya group in Hoshangabad. In addition I have utilized my own research as well as other original sources.
I should like to thank Prof. Romila Thapar for going through the manuscript and making valuable suggestions, many of which I was able to incorporate, my editor Anubha Doyle for her dedicated work in giving the book its final shape and form, and my family for their support and encouragement. Thanks are also due to Aarohi Phadke for illustrating the book and Suman Tarafdar for preparing the maps. Most of all I would like to thank the students of the Rishi Valley School whom I taught or came in contact with between 1988 and 1994.
This new edition incorporates material from sources read over a number of years, which are too numerous to mention. Statistics for the pre-Independence period vary in different sources and those in chapter 61 are based mainly on the Gazetteer of India of the Publications Division.
I should like to thank Paul Vinay Kumar of Penguin India for encouraging me to work on a new edition, Udayan Mitra and Ajanta Guhathakurta of Penguin India for taking care of editing, design and production, Arvinder Chawla and Arun Pottirayil for the new illustrations, and Suman Tarafdar for additional maps. I should also like to thank Chanda Rani Akhouri for data on women in the electoral process, and my family for their help and support.
A System of Dating
Dates can be confusing. Here is an explanation of some of the terms used.
BC and AD
This year is AD 2003. One AD was two thousand and two years ago. What was before that? We count backwards from there, and we call the years before that, BC . So 1 BC is one year before 1 AD , that is 2003 years ago. Hundred BC is 2102 years ago and 250,000 BC is 252,002 years ago. This is just one way of dating; there are other types of calendars as well.
Circa
Circa AD 250 or AD 350 means that the exact date is not known but is somewhere close to that.
Century
A century is a hundred years. The tenth century AD refers to the hundred years between 901 and 1000. The nineteenth century refers to the hundred years between 1801 and 1900.
Location of Places
In this book states such as Uttar Pradesh or Madhya Pradesh are sometimes mentioned. This is only to give the reader an idea of where places are located. These modern states with their present boundaries came into being after independence.
PLACE NAMES
Place names keep changing. In this book we have mainly used the place names that were current before independence. In a few cases new names have been used. Some of the main old and new names are given below. Old New Bombay Mumbai Calcutta Kolkata Madras Chennai Cochin Kochi Calicut Kozhikode Quilon Kollam Tanjore Thanjavur Burma Myanmar Carnatic Karnatak Poona Pune
1
India-Our Land
H istory is the story of the past, of people and how they lived. People don t live in space, at least not yet. They live on land and so their story is influenced by the nature of the land where they live. People also affect the land so we have to look at the history of India along with the character and history of the land, the changes brought about by people and by natural forces.
We live on the Indian subcontinent, also called South Asia. This includes the countries of Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, the Maldives and other islands. The history of Pakistan, India and Bangladesh is closely connected. Before 1947 the whole area occupied by these three countries was called India. The word India came from the Greek word Indoi meaning the people who lived near the river Indus.
ONCE UPON A TIME
Once upon a time, there were no cities, factories, roads or railways. In fact, there were no people.
It is difficult to imagine that India of the past, before people cut the forests, polluted the rivers and built big cities. It must have been a beautiful land, covered with thick forests, full of animals and birds, with clear sparkling rivers, its treasures beneath the surface of the earth, unseen and unknown. But can you imagine an India which was once an island, with no Himalayas, with rivers flowing in different directions, where the areas of Dehra Dun, Darjeeling and Kathmandu were beaches with palm trees? Geologists, who study the earth s crust, tell us that long ago, that s how India was.
A half-boiled egg
The earth, it is said, is something like an egg. The centre is a hot, partly solid core. Around this are other liquid and solid layers. Above this is a thick crust, like an eggshell, called the lithosphere. On this are the continents and oceans. Because of currents rising from the hot core to the surface, the lithosphere broke into several plates , which are constantly moving and banging into each other.

A section of the earth
The Tethys Sea
Millions of years ago, all the plates and continents were grouped together. This land mass has been given the name of Pangaea. Pangaea had two parts, Laurasia, which included Europe and Asia north of the Himalayan region, and Gondwanaland. India was a part of Gondwanaland. Pangaea started to break up about 19