Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Egypt , livre ebook

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118 pages

English

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Critical multidisciplinary research on entrepreneurship in Egypt
Entrepreneurship and innovation have emerged globally as significant drivers for inclusive economic growth, contributing to both job and wealth creation. Especially since Egypt's 2011 revolution, the need has become pressing for novel models that capitalize on the country's human resources. Half of the Egyptian population is less than 25 years old and almost one quarter is between 18 and 29 years old. More than any other time, an entrepreneurial spirit and innovative mindset need to be fostered and encouraged to best rebuild the country's economy on solid and sustainable foundations.
This important book sheds new light on the promise of entrepreneurship and innovation in restructuring Egypt, and their potential for promoting economic development. It probes the relationship between innovation and economic growth, providing linkages between academic research and applied/industry needs. It also looks at how creativity and innovation can be embedded in the educational system, the challenges facing the entrepreneurial ecosystem, and considers ways to enhance social entrepreneurship.
Covering a lot of ground, the authors propose answers and solutions, as well as laying the groundwork for further research and deliberations-in this field in general and in Egypt, at this juncture of the country's development, in particular.
List of Tables
List of Figures
Note on Contributors
Foreword
Introduction
1. Entrepreneurs as Heroes of Development, Zuhayr Mikdashi
2. Facilitating Entrepreneurship as a Catalyst for Change, Shailendra Vyakarnam and Shima Barakat
3. Putting the Horse before the Cart: Understanding Creativity and Enterprising Behaviors, Andy Penaluna and Kathryn Penaluna
4. Entrepreneurial Universities in Egypt: Opportunities and Challenges, David A. Kirby and Nagwa Ibrahim
5. Varieties of Entrepreneurs: The Entrepreneurship Landscape in Egypt, Ayman Ismail and Sherif Yehia
6. Entrepreneurs in the 'Missing Middle': Know your Funding Options, Adel Boseli
7. Building a University-Centered Entrepreneurship Ecosystem: A Case Study of the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem at the American University in Cairo, Ayman Ismail
8. Schumpeterian Entrepreneurs, Total Factor Productivity and Institutions: Firm-Level Data Analysis from Egypt, Karim Badr
9. The Egyptian Revolution: An Entrepreneurial Act?, Khaled Ismail

Sujets

Entrepreneuriat

entrepreneur

Emprendedor

Business

Economics

Entrepreneurship

Employabilité, métiers et formations

Informations

Publié par	The American University in Cairo Press
Date de parution	15 février 2016
Nombre de lectures	1
EAN13	9781617977039
Langue	English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1950€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

This electronic edition published in 2016 by
The American University in Cairo Press
113 Sharia Kasr el Aini, Cairo, Egypt
420 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10018
www.aucpress.com

Copyright 2015 by
The American University in Cairo Press
113 Sharia Kasr el Aini, Cairo, Egypt
420 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10018
www.aucpress.com
Protected under the Berne Convention

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

ISBN 978 977 416 727 0
eISBN 9781 61797 703 9

Version 1
Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Contributors
Acknowledgments
Foreword
Sherif Kamel
Introduction
Nagla Rizk and Hassan Azzazy
1. Entrepreneurs as Heroes of Development
Zuhayr Mikdashi
2 . Facilitating Entrepreneurship as a Catalyst for Change
Shailendra Vyakarnam and Shima Barakat
3 . Putting the Horse before the Cart: Understanding Creativity and Enterprising Behaviors
Andy Penaluna and Kathryn Penaluna
4 . Entrepreneurial Universities in Egypt: Opportunities and Challenges
David A. Kirby and Nagwa Ibrahim
5 . Varieties of Entrepreneurs: The Entrepreneurship Landscape in Egypt
Ayman Ismail and Sherif Yehia
6 . Entrepreneurs in the ‘Missing Middle’: Know Your Funding Options
Adel Boseli
7 . Building a University-centered Entrepreneurship Ecosystem: A Case Study of the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem at the American University in Cairo
Ayman Ismail
8 . Schumpeterian Entrepreneurs, Total Factor Productivity, and Institutions: Firm-level Data Analysis from Egypt
Karim Badr
9 . The Egyptian Revolution: An Entrepreneurial Act? A Personal Account
Khaled Ismail
Tables
2.1 Frequently-cited policy changes that enable entrepreneurship development
2.2 Key differences between “about” and “for” education for entrepreneurship
5.1 Growth and innovation potential for nascent and baby businesses
5.2 Experts’ opinion on funding-support environment
5.3 Experts’ opinion on entrepreneurship education and training
5.4 A sample of the known and established incubators/accelerators in Egypt, and other supporting organizations
5.5 Experts’ opinion on R&D transfer in Egypt
5.6 Ease of doing business in Egypt and the region
6.1 Investment readiness checklist
6.2 Funding stages and potential funding sources
7.1 Services provided by the Venture Lab to incubated startups
7.2 Profile of AUC Venture Lab startups
8.1 Distribution of firms by economic activity
8.2 Distribution of firms by size
8.3 Innovation by year
8.4 Innovation and firm size
8.5 Innovation and ownership
8.6 Innovation by region
8.7 TFP estimation
8.8 Innovation and TFP by two methods: OLS and MLE
8.9 Determinants of innovation
8.1.A. Distribution of firms by governorate
Figures
2.1 Entrepreneurial learning model
3.1 Innovation gates and cost factoring
3.2 Comparative details of the molecular structure of the left and right sides of the brain
3.3 The physical relationship between the spine, the amygdala, and the hippocampus (the limbic system)
3.4 Divergent and convergent thinking as located in design education strategies
3.5 Convergent and divergent thinking in the context of neurological understanding
3.6 The enterprising angel perspective on educational opportunities
5.1 Necessity-driven vs. opportunity-driven TEA
5.2 Internationally recognized Arab social entrepreneurs, by country
5.3 Incubator services satisfaction perception
6.1 The ‘missing middle’
8.1 Innovation and productivity
8.2 Innovation and productivity by sector
8.3 Productivity by region
9.1 The entrepreneurial S-curve
Contributors
Hassan Azzazy is a tenured professor of chemistry at the American University in Cairo. He is the founder of the Novel Diagnostics & Therapeutics Research group. He has served as the chairman of the chemistry department, the founding director of the MSc chemistry program, and the associate dean for Graduate Studies and Research. Before joining AUC, Dr. Azzazy was a postdoctoral fellow and assistant professor at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. He has over 24 years of biomedical research experience. Dr. Azzazy has over 140 scientific publications, all in international refereed journals, conferences, and book chapters. Dr. Azzazy is a strong advocate of entrepreneurial education and has been working with the European Training Foundation to promote the introduction of entrepreneurial learning in higher education in Egypt. Dr. Azzazy established the first Egyptian spinoff company, D-Kimia, LLC, which is focused on the development of innovative diagnostic assays. In 2014, Dr. Azzazy received the Young Innovator Award from Burayda Colleges in Saudi Arabia and the Global Innovator Award from Texas Christian University.
Karim Badr is a financial economist at the World Bank Cairo office in the Finance and Markets unit. He joined the World Bank in January 2010 as an economic research analyst in the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management unit. He has an MBA degree from Maastricht School of Management, specialized in finance and banking, and a B.A. in economics from the American University in Cairo. Prior to the World Bank, Karim occupied several positions in the fields of banking, investment, and research. He also taught several courses in the fields of economics and finance in several universities in Egypt. He has authored and co-authored several publications in the fields of entrepreneurship and innovation, inequality, and labor markets.
Shima Barakat is an entrepreneur, director, and academic obsessed with making the world a better place. She has spent two decades helping companies, governments, and international funding agencies improve their performance in an environmentally and socially sensitive manner. Shima is the director of two enterprise and entrepreneurship programs for PhDs at the University of Cambridge, UK, supporting the development of technology entrepreneurs and the commercialization of technology from within the university and its partners. As an entrepreneur, Shima is one of the founders and a director of Value in Enterprise, a responsible business consultancy company. She was one the founders of Nahdet El Mahrousa and the Egyptian Junior Business Association (EJB) in Egypt and the Global Communities Initiative (GCI) in the United States, as board chair. Shima is interested in critically studying entrepreneurship practice to explore the implications on people and the planet. Currently, she has a particular interest in gender influences.
Adel Boseli has more than ten years of experience in the software industry with a proven track record in software design, implementation, systems architecture, data analysis, and project management. He is an entrepreneur and co-founder of Shekra Crowdfunding, an Egypt-based company focusing on the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the MENA region and offering sharia-compliant crowdfunding. He is a consultant for the World Bank Group, focusing on SME financing and its models. Adel started his software career after graduating from Ain Shams University in computer engineering, and then successfully delivered a series of software projects around the globe for local and global companies, regional organizations, and governments. In 2007, he started his entrepreneurial path by joining IdealRatings, a San Francisco-based startup, which has grown to be the global leader in Islamic fund management and index services. He has cofounded a number of startups in various industries: medical, real estate, and digital advertising.
Nagwa Ibrahim was adjunct associate professor of practice, Promoting Entrepreneurship, in the AUC School of Sciences and Engineering, and associate provost for development until 2013. She is also the international adviser, director, and a senior trainer for entrepreneurship programs, as well as a member of the International Goldman Sachs Program for 10,000 Women Entrepreneurs in the MENA region. Over the past twenty years, she has been in charge of developing communication strategies and has worked as a senior consultant with Egyptian ministries, TEVT, ILO, the EU, and USAID. Dr. Ibrahim has provided several training courses/programs in career development, leadership and managerial skills/communications, human resources strategies and policies, job analysis, motivation, organizational goals, and recruitment. She is an international adviser for executive education with several top universities in the United States and in the Arab region. She has published several papers on entrepreneurship in top international journals. She was a founding member of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Egyptian team and of the Middle East Council for Small Business and Entrepreneurship, an affiliate of the International Council for Small Business.
Ayman Ismail is an assistant professor and holds the Abdul Latif Jameel Endowed Chair of Entrepreneurship at the American University in Cairo’s School of Business, where he also leads the AUC Venture Lab. Prior to that, he was a consultant with McKinsey & Company, based in New York, and a cofounder and managing partner at Enovio Consulting. He has consulted for international organizations such as the World Bank, IFC, UNCTAD, and several US government agencies. Ayman is active in civil society and in poli