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Capstone Global Library - Ian Graham

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58 pages

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Have you ever wondered what went wrong when inventions, structures and technology failed spectacularly? This series provides exciting, cross-curricular, high interest reads into ideas and projects from around the world that did not work as planned.

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Publié par	Capstone Global Library
Date de parution	15 juin 2012
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781406255348
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	5 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0347€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

From Fail to Win! Learning from Bad Ideas

MILITARY and GOVERNMENT TECHNOLOGY

Ian Graham

Raintree is an imprint of Capstone Global Library Limited, a company incorporated in England and Wales having its registered office at 7 Pilgrim Street, London, EC4V 6LB – Registered company number: 6695582

Text © Capstone Global Library Limited 2011 First published in hardback in 2011 The moral rights of the proprietor have been asserted.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner, except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS (www.cla.co.uk). Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission should be addressed to the publisher.

Edited by Andrew Farrow and Vaarunika Dharmapala Designed by Richard Parker Original illustrations © Capstone Global Library Ltd 2011 Illustrated by Jeff Edwards Picture research by Mica Brancic Originated by Capstone Global Library Ltd Printed and bound in China by South China Printing Company Ltd

ISBN 978 1 406 21764 3 (hardback) 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataGraham, Ian. From fail to win : learning from bad ideas. Military and government technology. 623dc22 A full catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce photographs: Alamy pp.10(© www. whitewindmill.co.uk),21(© Interfoto),35(© Rick & Nora Bowers); Corbis pp.5(© Bettmann), 8(© Liam Davis),19,20(© Aero Graphics, Inc.), 27(© Museum of Flight/Gordon S. Williams), 28(© Smithsonian Institution),30(© Reuters/TRW, Inc.),32(© Bettmann),45(Reuters/© Fabrizio Bensch),47(© Bettmann),48(© Bettmann), 49(© Reuters); Courtesy of Jasper Yellowhead Museum & Archives, PA72, Fred Brewster fonds p.17; Getty Images pp.7(Science & Society Picture Library/Science Museum),38(Stone/Erik Simonsen),42(De Agostini Picture Library), 43(National Geographic/Joseph E. Barrett), 44(National Geographic/Hervey Garret Smith), 46(Hulton Archive/Pictorial Parade); Imperial War Museum Film Frames Collection p.39; Mondolithic Studios Inc. p.15(Kenn Brown); Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signal Corps, St Petersburg p.36(Yuri Pasholok); Rex Features p.22(Sipa Press); Wikipedia p.11.

Cover photograph of a tail section of a navy blimp with the Stokes cloud from Operation Plumbbob in the background, Clark County, Nevada, USA, reproduced with permission of Corbis (Science Faction/© National Nuclear Security Administration).

We would like to thank Mark Adamic for his invaluable help in the preparation of this book.

Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders of material reproduced in this book. Any omissions will be rectified in subsequent printings if notice is given to the publisher.

DisclaimerAll the Internet addresses (URLs) given in this book were valid at the time of going to press. However, due to the dynamic nature of the Internet, some addresses may have changed, or sites may have changed or ceased to exist since publication. While the author and publisher regret any inconvenience this may cause readers, no responsibility for any such changes can be accepted by either the author or the publisher.

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Lessons earned................................................................................ 4 TheTurtle........................................................................................ 6 Acoustîc mîrrors............................................................................. 10 Baoon bombs ............................................................................... 12 Ice shîps ......................................................................................... 15 Fyîng wîngs................................................................................... 19 Superguns ...................................................................................... 21 The Komet..................................................................................... 25 The Strategîc Defense Inîtîatîve.................................................... 29

Bat bombs ...................................................................................... 33 Spy sateîtes................................................................................... 37 The Great Panjandrum ................................................................. 39 TheVasa........................................................................................ 42 TheThresher.................................................................................. 46 Tîmeîne ........................................................................................ 50 Gossary.......................................................................................... 52 Fînd out more................................................................................ 54 Index .............................................................................................. 56

Any words appearîng în the text în bod,like this, are expaîned în the gossary

Lessons learned

The Cold War The Cold War was a time of tension and conﬂict between theUSSRand the United States. It lasted from 1945 until 1991, when the USSR collapsed. The Cold War triggered a nuclear arms race, the Space Race, and technological competition between the two states.

Scîentîsts, engîneers, and înventors are aways thînkîng up new vehîces and machînes. Many of theîr îdeas are successfu, but others faî. Sometîmes vauabe essons are earned from the faîures.

Lots of new îdeas and înventîons are trîed durîng wars în an attempt to gîve mîîtary forces a technoogîca advantage over theîr enemîes. Governments are aso keen to use the atest înventîons and cever îdeas to coect înformatîon about enemîes, and possîbe future enemîes, by spyîng on them. Tanks, fîghter panes, spy-panes, and bombers were deveoped durîng Word War I (1914–1918). Rocket-propeed mîssîes, pîotess aîrcraft, jet fîghters, rocket-powered fîghter panes, atomîc bombs,radar, and eectronîc computers were deveoped durîng Word War II (1939–1945). Spy sateîtes were deveoped durîng the Cod War (see pane). However, other înventîons and îdeas were not as successfu as these.

Why inventions fail There are many reasons why new îdeas faî. Some of them don’t work we enough to be worthwhîe. Others are too expensîve to deveop. Some înventîons and îdeas are ahead of theîr tîme. The famous Itaîan artîst, scîentîst, engîneer, and înventor Leonardo da Vîncî (1452–1519) produced dozens of great îdeas. He thought of the parachute, bîcyce, machîne-gun, heîcopter, dîvîng suît, and a

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