120 pages

Français

Découvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement

Je m'inscris

LES MOTS CLÉS DES MATHÉMATIQUES ET DES STATISTIQUES FRANÇAIS-ANGLAIS , livre ebook

Studyrama Editions - Frédéric Rosard

Découvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement

Je m'inscris

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

120 pages

Français

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

A propos
Informations
Extrait

Description

Ce lexipro français-anglais est un outil de travail pratique pour acquérir ou réviser le vocabulaire en anglais.Les mots spécifiques des mathématiques et des statistiques y sont classés par thème : algèbre, linéaire, analyse, théorie des graphes, mathématiques financières, statistiques, etc.Outil complet pour une maîtrise parfaite du lexique, il propose :- une sélection de mots et expressions idiomatiques ;- la ou les traductions possibles des mots et leur présentation dans une phrase ou une formule de mise en situation.Pour faciliter la recherche, deux index alphabétiques sont disponibles en fin d’ouvrage : l’un de tous les termes français, l’autre de tous les termes anglais.

Informations

Publié par	Studyrama Editions
Date de parution	01 janvier 2022
Nombre de lectures	66
EAN13	9782759036491
Langue	Français
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0595€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

L E X I P R O

A N G L A I S

Les mots clés des mathématiques et des statistiques

classementthématiqueexemplesd’utilisationindexbilingue

Frédéric Rosard Docteur en mathématiques

N5186_Mots-clés-des-maths-et-statistiques_3e.indd 1

04/04/2017 13:31

e © BRÉAL 2 trimestre 2017 Toute reproduction même partielle interdite ISBN :978-2-7495-3649-1

N5186_Mots-clés-des-maths-et-statistiques_3e.indd 2

04/04/2017 13:31

SOMMAIRE

Mathématiques générales- Basic mathematics 1. Vocabulaire de base- Basic vocabulary 2. Symboles- Symbols 3. Nombres- Numbers 4. Opérations de base- Basic operations 5. Formes géométriques- Geometric forms 6. Tracer une figure- To draw a figure 7. Fonctions- Functions 8. Trigonométrie- Trigonometry 9. Nombres complexes- Complex numbers 10. Suites et séries- Sequences and series 11. Coniques et courbes particulières-Conic sections and special curves

Algèbre linéaire- Linear algebra 1. Algèbre linéaire de base- Basic linear algebra 2. Matrice- Matrix 3. Système d’équations- System of equations 4. Diagonalisation- Diagonalization

Analyse- Analysis 1. Dérivées-primitives-intégrales-Derivatives-antiderivatives- integrals 2. Fonctions à plusieurs variables-Functions of several variables 3. Formes quadratiques- Quadratic forms 4. Programmation linéaire- Linear programming 5. Optimisation- Optimization6. Équations différentielles- Differential equations

N5186_Mots-clés-des-maths-et-statistiques_3e.indd 3

5 8 10 13 15 18 23 26 28 29

35 38 40 41

44 45 46 47 48

04/04/2017 13:31

S OMMAIRE

Théorie des graphes- Graph theory 1. Graphes- Graphs 2. Coloration d’un graphe- Graph coloring 3. Modèles de réseau- Network model 4. Gestion de projet-planification-Project management-planning

Mathématiques financières- Financial mathematics 1. Vocabulaire de base- Basic vocabulary 2. Taux d’intérêt, emprunt, annuité-Interest rate-loan-annuity3. Actions et obligations- Shares and bonds

51 54 55

64 66

Statistiques- Statistics 71 1. Statistiques descriptives71- Descriptive statistics 2. Graphiques73- Charts 3. Commenter un graphique- To describe a graph 74 4. Probabilité77- Probability 5. Variables aléatoires79- Random variables 6. Lois de probabilité- Probability laws 80 7. Statistiques inférentielles-échantillonnage-sondage-Inferential statistics-sampling- survey 81 8. Tests statistiques85- Statistical tests 9. Lien entre plusieurs variables-Relationship between variables 87 10. Maîtrise statistiques des procédés-Statistical process control 89

Index français

Index anglais

N5186_Mots-clés-des-maths-et-statistiques_3e.indd 4

107

04/04/2017 13:31

MATHÉMATIQUES GÉNÉRALES

BASIC MATHEMATICS

VOCABULAIRE DE BASE

BASIC VOCABULARY

algèbre algebra Algebra is the branch of mathematics con-cerning the study of the rules of operations and relations, and the constructions and concepts arising from them.

> algébrique algebraic

algorithme algorithm In computer science, a search algorithm is an algorithm that retrieves information stored within some data structure.

alphabet grec Greek alphabet Greek alphabet letters are used as math and science symbols.

analogie analogy A similarity in some respects between things that are otherwise dissimilar: sees an analogy between viral infection and the spread of ideas.

analyse analysis The term analysis is used in two ways in mathematics. It describes both the disci-pline of which calculus is a part and one form of abstract logic theory.

> analytique analytical

N5186_Mots-clés-des-maths-et-statistiques_3e.indd 5

annuler (s’) to vanish A quantity which takes on the value zero is said to vanish. A quantity that is nonzero everywhere is said to be nonvanishing.

arrondir to round An exact answer generally can not be obtained using rounded numbers.

> arrondi supérieur round up

> arrondi inférieur round down

> erreur d’arrondi roundoff

arithmétique arithmetic/arithmetics Arithmetic or arithmetics is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics.

> arithmétique (adj) arithmetical

> arithmétiquement arithmetically

axiome axiom An axiom is a mathematical statement that is assumed to be true.

binôme binomial A polynomial equation with two terms usu-ally joined by a plus or minus sign is called a binomial.

> monôme monomial

04/04/2017 13:31

M ATHÉMATIQUES GÉNÉRALES

c’est-à-dire (c-a-d) id est (i. e) i.e. (id est) means “that is” or “in other words” and is used to paraphrase a state-ment that was just made, not to mean“ for example”, and is always followed by a comma.

calcul calculus Calculus plays a starring role in the biolog-ical, physical, and social sciences.

cas dégénéré degeneracy case In mathematics, a degenerate case is a lim-iting case in which a class of object changes its nature so as to belong to another, usu-ally simpler, class.

coefficient coefficient Number or quantity placed (generally) before and multiplying another quantity.

condition nécessaire necessary condition To be a good concert pianist, having good finger techniques is a necessary condition.

> condition suffisante sufficient condition

conjecturer to surmise We surmise that the more complex models required by these problems.

> conjecture conjecture

contraposée contrapositive The contrapositive of “If it is raining then the grass is wet” is “If the grass is not wet then it is not raining.”

corollaire corollary In geometry, a corollary is a statement that is proven true by another statement or considered to be a consequence of a state-ment’s truth.

N5186_Mots-clés-des-maths-et-statistiques_3e.indd 6

CQFD (ce qu’il fallait démontrer) QED (quod erat demonstrandum) QED is usually placed at the end of a math-ematical proof to indicate that the proof is complete. décimal/la décimale decimal A decimal is any number in our base-ten number system. déduire to deduce/to infer Descartes’s own attempts to deduce the dif-ferent qualities and actions of bodies in this way are not of much value.

dénombrable countable The strict mathematical definition of a countable set is a set that is in bijective correspondance to the natural numbers, which are the integers from.

domaine d’étude domain of study The power of expression, properties and interrelations of various logics with gener-alised quantifies is now a well established domain of study in mathematicallogic.

équation equation An equation is a statement that two expres-sions are equal.

> résoudre une équation to solve an equation

exact exact As used in physics, the term “exact” gen-erally refers to a solution that captures the entire physics and mathematics of a prob-lem as opposed to one that is approximate, perturbative, etc. Exact solutions therefore need not be closed-form.

> exactitude/justesse accuracy

04/04/2017 13:31

exemple example Sometimes the best way to learn is by work-ing some example problems until you begin to understand the subject.

contre-exemple counterexample

forme shape Common two dimensional (2D) shapes are: Circles, squares, triangles, etc. formule formula So before you can understand math for-mulas you need to learn what each of the symbols are and what they mean (including the letters). > formuler to formulate fraction fraction A mathematical joke states that 4/3 of peo-ple don’t understand fractions. géométrie geometry Geometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids. > géométrique geometric/geometrical > géométriquement geometrically hypothèse hypothesis/assumption In mathematics, a hypothesis is an unproven statement which is supported by all the available data and by many weaker result. > hypothèse intrinsèque intrinsic assumption lemme lemma The four labels given by mathematicians to statements that can be shown to be true are Lemma, Theorem, Proposition and Corollary.

N5186_Mots-clés-des-maths-et-statistiques_3e.indd 7

B ASIC MATHEMATICS

nécessaire necessary “Science is facts; just as houses are made of stones, so is science made of facts; but a pile of stones is not a house and a collection of facts is not necessarily science.” Jules Henri Poincare (1854-1912) > nécessairement necessarily négligeable negligible As a result, the effect of this change will be negligible. paramètre parameter A parameter is a variable that is held con-stant when the function is used. par conséquent consequently Consequently, logic proceeds with the same absence of any determinate claims about method and subject matter with which mathematics must begin.

par exemple/p. ex. exempli gratia/e.g. e.g. (exempli gratia) means “for example” and is usually used to give an example of a statement that was just made and is always followed by a comma. récurrence induction Mathematical Induction is a special way of proving things. It has only 2 steps: Step 1. Show it is true for the first one. Step 2. Show that if any one is true then the next one is true. Then all are true. > par récurrence by induction pourcentage percentage In mathematics, a percentage is a number in the fraction of 100. It is often denoted with the symbol of “%”, or simply “pct” or “percent”.

04/04/2017 13:31

M ATHÉMATIQUES GÉNÉRALES

preuve proof A proof is a logical argument that estab-lishes, beyond any doubt, that something is true. problème problem Problem solving has a special importance in the study of mathematics. > problème mal posé illposed problem > problème de démarche process problem > problème réel realistic problem réciprocité reciprocity The American Mathematical Society has reciprocity agreements with a number of mathematical organizations around the world. > réciproquement conversely > réciproque reciprocal or inverse > réciproque d’un théorème converse of a theorem si, et seulement si, (ssi) if, and only if, (iff) x+2=7 if and only if x=5. soit let… be Let x be any real number.

statistiques statistics “Statistics have shown that mortality increases perceptibly in the military during wartime.” Alphonse Allais

supposer to assume The way Hypothesis handles this is to let you specify things which you assume to be true.

N5186_Mots-clés-des-maths-et-statistiques_3e.indd 8

> supposition assumption solution solution The Mathematics education community has long recognized the importance of diagrams in the solution of mathematical problems. tâtonnement trial and error/guess and check Any equation can be solved by trial and error. However, this is a tedious procedure. terme term The term is x², which is the product of x and x. > termes semblables like terms théorème theorem A theorem is a statement that can be demon-strated to be true by accepted mathematical operations and arguments. topologie topology Topology is the mathematical study of the properties that are preserved through deformations, twistings, and stretchings of objects. virgule (chiffres) decimal point/point Here is the number “forty-five and six-tenths” written as a decimal number: 45.6. The decimal point goes between Ones and Tenths. 2

a sur b a upon b a b

SYMBOLES SYMBOLS

04/04/2017 13:31

accolade ouvrante opening brace/opening curly bracket { anti-slash, barre oblique inversée back slash/reversed slash \ appartient à/est élément de belongs to/is a member of [ barre (horizontale supérieure) vinculum (=lien en latin) ā barre (verticale) bar |

crochet bracket [] > crochet ouvrant opening bracket/left bracket [ > crochet fermant closing bracket/right bracket ] congru à congruous to/congruent to ≡ d rond round d/curly d ∂

dès que as soon as ⇐

égale equals =

différent de different from ≠

divisé par divided by ÷

N5186_Mots-clés-des-maths-et-statistiques_3e.indd 9

ensemble vide empty set/null set ∅

B ASIC MATHEMATICS

est équivalent à is equivalent to ⇔ flèche/tend vers arrow/tends to, approaches → il existe/pour au moins un/ quantificateur existentiel there exists for some/there is for some/existence symbol ' inclut/est inclus dans includes/is included in , implique/si… alors involves/if… then ⇒ inférieur à, less than, , inférieur ou égal à less than/equal to # infini infinity ∞ inter intersection > moins/trait d’union minus/hyphen -multiplié par/fois multiplied by/times × parenthèse parenthesis ( ) > parenthèse ouvrante opening parenthesis/left parenthesis (

04/04/2017 13:31

M ATHÉMATIQUES GÉNÉRALES

> parenthèse fermante closing parenthesis/right parenthesis ) plus plus + pour tout/quelque soit/ quantificateur universel for every/for all All symbol;

racine carrée de x square root of x 3x

> racine cubique de x cube root of x 3 3x

> racine n-ième de x nth root of x n 3x

slash, barre oblique slash/forward slash, solidus /

1 One 6 Six 20 Twenty 70 Seventy 10,000 Ten thousand

2 Two 7 Seven 30 Thirty 80 Eighty 100,000 One hundred thousand

N5186_Mots-clés-des-maths-et-statistiques_3e.indd 10

supérieur à greater than . supérieur ou égal à greater than or equal to $ tiret dash -tiret de soulignement, tiret bas, sous-tiret underline, underscore _ union union < x au carré x squared 2 x x au cube x cubed 3 x

x puissance n x to the power n n x

NOMBRES NUMBERS

3 Three 8 Eight 40 Forty 90 Ninety 1,000,000 One million

4 Four 9 Nine 50 Fifty 100 One hundred 1,000,000,000 One billion

5 Five 10 Ten 60 Sixty 1,000 One thousand

04/04/2017 13:31