Speciation of Pu(III) in the environmental system humic substances-groundwater-kaolinite [Elektronische Ressource] / Buda Razvan Aurel

Speciation of Pu(III) in the Environmental System Humic Substances-Groundwater-Kaolinite Thesis submitted for attaining the degree of “Doktor der Naturwissenschaften” doctor rerum naturalium at the Department of Chemistry, Pharmacy, and Geosciences of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Buda Razvan Aurel Born in Cluj-Napoca/Romania Mainz, 2006 Index Zusammenfassung 1 1. Introduction 2 2. History and chemistry of the actinides 9 2.1 Plutonium, physical and chemical properties 13 2. 1. 1. Generalities 13 2. 1. 2 Plutonium in nature 14 2. 1. 3 Plutonium toxicity 16 2. 1. 4 Plutonium chemistry 17 3. Environmental compounds 21 3.1 Humic substances 21 3.1.1 Humic acid 23 3. 2 Clay minerals 25 3.2.1 Kaolinite 25 4. Instruments and techniques 28 4.1 Detection methods for the analysis of plutonium 28 4. 1. 1 6 – Spectroscopy 29 4. 1. 2 Liquid Scintillation Counting 30 4. 1. 3 RIMS 31 4. 1. 3. 1 Principle of RIMS 32 4. 1. 3. 2. Experimental setup fot RIMS 34 4. 1. 3. 3 Filament 36 4. 1. 3. 4 Mass spectrometer 37 4. 1. 3. 5 Measurements and data processing 37 4. 1. 3.