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40
pages
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English
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Documents
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1967
Description
Cahiers du Centre de recherches anthropologiques - Année 1967 - Volume 2 - Numéro 1 - Pages 59-95Résumé. Les Badyaranké sont une petite population d'environ 5000 âmes, dont les villages sont situés aux frontières du Sénégal, de la Guinée et de la Guinée Portugaise. Agriculteurs sédentaires, ils possèdent des troupeaux confiés à leurs voisins peul. Quoiqu'ils soient depuis longtemps en contact avec des Peul et des Mandingues islamisés, les Badyaranké sont resté animistes jusqu'à une date récente. Au village de Tonghia (Sénégal) environ la moitié de la population a embrassé l'islam. La société badyaranké comprend environ 26 lignées exogames matrilinéaires dont quelques-unes sont totémiques. Le problème du lieu de résidence est cependant moins simple. Les hommes mariés préfèrent résider avec leur père mais beaucoup résident chez les frères de leurs mères ou chez d'autres parents plus éloignés. Les femmes habitent chez leur mari après le mariage et l'épouse préférentielle est la fille de la sœur du père. Ainsi la concession groupe-t-elle souvent des individus diversement apparentés. Les femmes d'une concession résident ensemble dans une grande maison commune où elles dorment, mangent et travaillent. Les maisons individuelles des hommes bordent en un arc de cercle l'est de la concession et la maison des femmes est idéalement située à son extrémité ouest. Le nom de famille (kopanyi) est patrilinéaire, aussi peut-on dire qu'il existe un début de lignées patrilinéaires. Mais ces groupes n'ont pas d'activités communes et n'impliquent pas de sentiments de solidarité. La succession à la chefferie d'une concession est en grande partie fonction de l'âge et des capacités individuelles. Le chef de village est cependant élu par le conseil des anciens du village tout entier. Il n'y a jamais eu chez les Badyaranké d'unité politique dépassant le niveau du village. Chaque village est politiquement indépendant de chaque autre. Il y a quelques preuves de l'existence de classes d'âges, en tant que groupes de travail, mais ces groupes n'entretiennent pas de relation avec ceux des autres villages. Les hommes d'une concession donnée cultivent idéalement en commun un seul champ. Cependant, à Tonghia, cette norme était souvent transgressée. Nous avons comparé Tonghia à Patin Kouta, village badyaranké voisin, plus influencé par les coutumes mandingues et par l'islam. A Patin Kouta un biais patrilinéaire plus important qu'à Tonghia marque la structure
Summary. The Badyaranké are a small population, numbering around 5000 souls, whose villages lie in Senegal, Guinea and Portuguese Guinea, at the point where the three countries converge. Their economy is based on sedentary agriculture. Cattle are owned, but are confided to neighboring Peul. Despite their long exposure to the Islamized Peul and Manding, the Badyaranké have remained pagan until only recently. At the village of Tonghia in Senegal, about half of the population has embraced Islam. Badyaranké society is made up of approximately 26 exogamous matrilineal descent groups, some of which are totemic. Residence however is much less clear cut. Married men prefer to reside with their fathers, but many reside with their mother's brothers and with more distantly related kin. Women live in the compound of their husbands after marriage, and the preferred spouse is the father's sister's daughter. Thus the compounds are often made up of miscellaneous assortments of kin. The women of a compound reside together in a large collective house where they sleep, eat and work. The individual houses of the men fo^m an arc around the eastern perimeter of the compound, and the solitary women's house ideally lies at the western pole. The family name (kopanyi) is inherited patrilineally, and thus incipient patrilineal descent groups may be said to exist. These groups engage in no corporate activities and involve no sentiments of solidarity. Succession to headmanship in the compound is largely a function of age and ability. The village chief, however, is elected by the council of elders for the entire village. Among the Badyaranké no political unity has ever existed above the village level. Each village is politically independent of every other. Some evidence exists for age-grade societies, referred to as work groups, but these are not coordinated from one village to another. The men of a given compound ideally cultivate a single field in common. At Tonghia, however, this norm was often not fulfilled. A comparison was made to Patin Kouta, a nearly Badyaranké village more influenced by Manding customs and Islam. Thus, at Patin Kouta, a stronger patrilineal bias was found in their social structure, than was found at Tonghia. At Patin Kouta the compounds were found to be better integrated than at Tonghia, because there, all people who reside together, work together. This was interpreted to mean that Patin Kouta had more successfully balanced its indigenous matrilineal system with borrowed patrilineal elements.
37 pages
Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.
Summary. The Badyaranké are a small population, numbering around 5000 souls, whose villages lie in Senegal, Guinea and Portuguese Guinea, at the point where the three countries converge. Their economy is based on sedentary agriculture. Cattle are owned, but are confided to neighboring Peul. Despite their long exposure to the Islamized Peul and Manding, the Badyaranké have remained pagan until only recently. At the village of Tonghia in Senegal, about half of the population has embraced Islam. Badyaranké society is made up of approximately 26 exogamous matrilineal descent groups, some of which are totemic. Residence however is much less clear cut. Married men prefer to reside with their fathers, but many reside with their mother's brothers and with more distantly related kin. Women live in the compound of their husbands after marriage, and the preferred spouse is the father's sister's daughter. Thus the compounds are often made up of miscellaneous assortments of kin. The women of a compound reside together in a large collective house where they sleep, eat and work. The individual houses of the men fo^m an arc around the eastern perimeter of the compound, and the solitary women's house ideally lies at the western pole. The family name (kopanyi) is inherited patrilineally, and thus incipient patrilineal descent groups may be said to exist. These groups engage in no corporate activities and involve no sentiments of solidarity. Succession to headmanship in the compound is largely a function of age and ability. The village chief, however, is elected by the council of elders for the entire village. Among the Badyaranké no political unity has ever existed above the village level. Each village is politically independent of every other. Some evidence exists for age-grade societies, referred to as work groups, but these are not coordinated from one village to another. The men of a given compound ideally cultivate a single field in common. At Tonghia, however, this norm was often not fulfilled. A comparison was made to Patin Kouta, a nearly Badyaranké village more influenced by Manding customs and Islam. Thus, at Patin Kouta, a stronger patrilineal bias was found in their social structure, than was found at Tonghia. At Patin Kouta the compounds were found to be better integrated than at Tonghia, because there, all people who reside together, work together. This was interpreted to mean that Patin Kouta had more successfully balanced its indigenous matrilineal system with borrowed patrilineal elements.
37 pages
Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.
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Publié par
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Publié le
01 janvier 1967
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Langue
English
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Poids de l'ouvrage
2 Mo