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19
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Français
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Documents
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2002
Description
Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales - Année 2002 - Volume 141 - Numéro 1 - Pages 31-45Formas específicas de la internacionalidad del campo científíco El principio mismo de la ciencia consiste en dar razón de los fenómenos. ??? ello, es generalmente admitido que la ciencia es internacional, e incluso, prétende ser universal. Sin embargo, más alla de esta generalidad filosófica, se plantea el problema de las formas específicas de la internacionalidad de la ciencia a lo largo de la historia. Al menos desde que se fundaron las universidades, momento deci- sivo en el terreno institucional, es posible identificar varios mecanismos a través de los cuales los filósofos, los erudi- tos y, finalmente, los científicos, han trascendido su carác- ter local, produciendo un espacio internacional de reflexion y actividad cientifica. De manera general, el carácter internacional de la actividad cientifica se expresa por très vias : en primer lugar, la circulation de las perso- nas, los textos y los objetos; en segundo lugar, el modo de producción del saber y, por ultimo, la financiación de la investigación. Tras haber recordado brevemente los perío- dos históricos durante los cuales se impuso la circulación internacional, nos detenemos a examinar las transforma- ciones estructurales de los treinta últimos a?os del siglo XX, periodo que vio surgir un nuevo modo de producción del saber basado en la colaboración entre investi- gadores de diferentes paises. En cuanto a la internacionali- zación de las fuentes de financiación, todavía se encuentra en estado embrionario, aunque en ciertos ámbitos es considerable y todo hace pensar que seguirá en constante progresión. También analizamos dos fenómenos que, si bien no han llamado tanto la atención de los observadores, son inhérentes a la idea de un campo mundial de las ciencias, a saber, la homogeneización lingúística de los pro- ductos y la deslocalización de los medios de producción del saber. Cabe recordar que el carácter inseparablemente local e internacional de los resultados de la investigación
égal welchen Ursprungs sie sind. Indem sie gleichzeitig diese zwei Aspekte herausstellt, gelingt es der «Wissenschaftlichen Internationalen» in ein und demselben Dis- kurs sowohl den nationalen als auch den europàischen Zugriff zusammenzufassen. So wird eine lokále Finanzierung im Namen des Vaterlandes und der internationalen Wettbewerbsfâhigkeit angenommen und eingefordert und andererseits auslàndische Finanzierung im Zeichen der Internationalisierung der Wissenschaft begrusst. Pasteur hatte Recht: der Wissenschaftler braucht eine Heimat, denn von ihr hàngt er vornehmlich ab, um eine Wissenschaft zu betreiben, die selbst heimatlos ist.
The Specific forms of the internationality of Science It is generally agreed that science, in its principle of finding the reason behind the phenomena, is international and even universal in its aims. But beyond this topos, the real question is that of the historically specific forms of the internationality of science. Since at least the emergence of universities in the Middle Ages, a decisive institutional event, one can identify many mechanisms through which philosophers, naturalists and, later scientists, overcome their locality to create an international space of scientific activity and discussion. Generally speaking we can identify three ways through which the international character of scientific activity have been expressed. First, the circulation of persons, texts and objects, then the mode of knowledge production and finally the financing of research. After briefly presenting the historical periods during which the international circulation of research developed we will analyse in more details the structural transformations of the last thirty years of the 20th century which saw the emergence of a new mode of production of knowledge based on collaboration between scientists from different countries. Still embryonic, the internationalisation of funding is nonetheless important in some fields and everything suggest that its growth will continue. We also analyse two phenomena which are inherent to the idea of a world-wide scientific field but have been less studied, namely the linguistic homogénéisation of the products of research and the délocalisation of the means of knowledge production. By recalling the inseparably local and international character of the results of scientific research, scientists can play on both sides of the track and mobilise both local and international resources. The «international union of scientists» can thus accept (and claim) local funding in the name of patriotism and the
15 pages
Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.
égal welchen Ursprungs sie sind. Indem sie gleichzeitig diese zwei Aspekte herausstellt, gelingt es der «Wissenschaftlichen Internationalen» in ein und demselben Dis- kurs sowohl den nationalen als auch den europàischen Zugriff zusammenzufassen. So wird eine lokále Finanzierung im Namen des Vaterlandes und der internationalen Wettbewerbsfâhigkeit angenommen und eingefordert und andererseits auslàndische Finanzierung im Zeichen der Internationalisierung der Wissenschaft begrusst. Pasteur hatte Recht: der Wissenschaftler braucht eine Heimat, denn von ihr hàngt er vornehmlich ab, um eine Wissenschaft zu betreiben, die selbst heimatlos ist.
The Specific forms of the internationality of Science It is generally agreed that science, in its principle of finding the reason behind the phenomena, is international and even universal in its aims. But beyond this topos, the real question is that of the historically specific forms of the internationality of science. Since at least the emergence of universities in the Middle Ages, a decisive institutional event, one can identify many mechanisms through which philosophers, naturalists and, later scientists, overcome their locality to create an international space of scientific activity and discussion. Generally speaking we can identify three ways through which the international character of scientific activity have been expressed. First, the circulation of persons, texts and objects, then the mode of knowledge production and finally the financing of research. After briefly presenting the historical periods during which the international circulation of research developed we will analyse in more details the structural transformations of the last thirty years of the 20th century which saw the emergence of a new mode of production of knowledge based on collaboration between scientists from different countries. Still embryonic, the internationalisation of funding is nonetheless important in some fields and everything suggest that its growth will continue. We also analyse two phenomena which are inherent to the idea of a world-wide scientific field but have been less studied, namely the linguistic homogénéisation of the products of research and the délocalisation of the means of knowledge production. By recalling the inseparably local and international character of the results of scientific research, scientists can play on both sides of the track and mobilise both local and international resources. The «international union of scientists» can thus accept (and claim) local funding in the name of patriotism and the
15 pages
Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.
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Publié par
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Publié le
01 janvier 2002
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Langue
Français
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Poids de l'ouvrage
2 Mo