La mémoire des personnes I. Les fondements mémoriels de la construction du jugement - article ; n°4 ; vol.89, pg 585-613

L'année psychologique - Année 1989 - Volume 89 - Numéro 4 - Pages 585-613
Résumé
Les recherches sur la mémoire des personnes ont considérablement renouvelé l'étude de la cognition interpersonnelle. Nous passons ici en revue des travaux qui portent sur la mémorisation des actes et des ingérences auxquelles ces actes donnent lieu. Les recherches s'organisent autour de deux questions principales : d'une part, comment le sujet traite-t-il les élé- ments d'information qui ne lui paraissent pas cohérents entre eux, la recherche de cohérence est-elle susceptible de produire des distorsions, et à quel niveau ces distorsions ont-elles lieu ? D'autre part, quels sont les rapports entre mémoire et jugement ? Le débat théorique principal appose théories du schéma et théories associatives.
Mots clés : cognition sociale, mémoire, jugement.
Summary : Person memory. I. Factors involved in judgements.
Studies on person memory have promoted a very significant theoretical renewal within the field of social cognition. We propose a two-parts review of this literature. The first part is concerned with memory for behavior and for judgments based on this behavioral information. Most of the time (though not always) stimuli are verbal descriptions of the behaviour to be remembered, so person memory, as it is studied for the moment, falls within the field of verbal memory. Research concentrates on two main questions. First, how does the subject manage to remember several pieces of information, some of them being consistent with one another, some being inconsistent with ihe host of them, and still others being unrelated with any of them ? Can the strain for consistency induce distortions, and at what level do distortions appear ? Are there selective encoding phenomena, or reconstruction of memories following a preexisting schema, or selective retrieval, or whatever else ? Second, what are the links between memory and judgment ? Many questions remain unresolved at present, so the stress is put on discussion of conflicting results and confrontation between schema theories and associative theories.
Key words : social cognition, memory, judgment.
29 pages
Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.