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ENVI Tutorial: UsingASTER Data with FLAASHUsing ASTER Data with FLAASH 2Files Used in this Tutorial 2Introduction 2Prepare ASTER Data 3Coregister Data 3Combine VNIR and SWIR Data 4Convert Interleave 5Enter FLAASH Parameters 7Scene and Sensor Information 7Select Atmospheric Model Settings 8Select Aerosol Model Settings 9Run FLASSH 91ENVI Tutorial: Using ASTER Data with FLAASHUsing ASTER Data with FLAASHThis tutorial describes how to prepare ASTER Level 1A data for input into Fast Line-of-sightAtmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH). FLAASH is included in the AtmosphericCorrection Module: QUAC and FLAASH. You will import a sample ASTER Level 1A data set fromsouth-central Colorado into FLAASH and learn how to select appropriate parameters for FLAASH,based on the characteristics of the scene.Because ASTER Level 1A bands are not coregistered, you cannot directly input the VNIR or SWIRdata sets into FLAASH. This tutorial demonstrates how to georeference the data and how to use ENVI'sLayer Stacking tool to combine the visible near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bandsinto a single data set to input into FLAASH. If you only want to process one data set (for example,VNIR only), you do not need to perform Layer Stacking.Files Used in this TutorialENVI Resource DVD: D a t a \ a s t e rF i l e D e s c r i p t i o nA S T _ L A . h d f ASTER Level 1A data set in HDF format, south-central ColoradoA S T _ L 1 A . h d f . m e t ...
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ENVI Tutorial: Using ASTER Data with FLAASH
Using ASTER Data with FLAASH Files Used in this Tutorial Introduction Prepare ASTER Data Coregister Data Combine VNIR and SWIR Data Convert Interleave Enter FLAASH Parameters Scene and Sensor Information Select Atmospheric Model Settings Select Aerosol Model Settings Run FLASSH
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ENVI Tutorial: Using ASTER Data with FLAASH
Using ASTER Data with FLAASH
This tutorial describes how to prepare ASTER Level 1A data for input into Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH). FLAASH is included in the Atmospheric Correction Module: QUAC and FLAASH. You will import a sample ASTER Level 1A data set from south-central Colorado into FLAASH and learn how to select appropriate parameters for FLAASH, based on the characteristics of the scene.
Because ASTER Level 1A bands are not coregistered, you cannot directly input the VNIR or SWIR data sets into FLAASH. This tutorial demonstrates how to georeference the data and how to use ENVI's Layer Stacking tool to combine the visible near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands into a single data set to input into FLAASH. If you only want to process one data set (for example, VNIR only), you do not need to perform Layer Stacking.
Files Used in this Tutorial ENVI Resource DVD:Data\aster
File AST_LA.hdf AST_L1A.hdf.met
Description ASTER Level 1A data set in HDF format, south-central Colorado HDF global and local metadata for the above file
Introduction FLAASH is a first-principles atmospheric correction modeling tool for retrieving spectral reflectance from hyperspectral and multispectral radiance images. With FLAASH, you can accurately compensate for atmospheric effects. FLAASH corrects wavelengths in the visible through near-infrared and short-wave infrared regions, up to 2.5 μm. Unlike many other atmospheric correction programs that interpolate radiation transfer properties from a pre-calculated database of modeling results, FLAASH incorporates the MODTRAN4 radiation transfer code. FLAASH also includes the following features: Correction for the adjacency effect (pixel mixing due to scattering of surface-reflected radiance) l An option to compute a scene-average visibility (aerosol/haze amount). FLAASH uses the most l advanced techniques for handling particularly stressing atmospheric conditions, such as the presence of clouds. Cirrus and opaque cloud classification map l Adjustable spectral polishing for artifact suppression l FLAASH supports hyperspectral sensors (such as HyMAP, AVIRIS, HYDICE, HYPERION, Probe-1, CASI, and AISA) and multispectral sensors (such as Landsat, SPOT, IRS, and ASTER). Water vapor and aerosol retrieval are only possible when the image contains bands in appropriate wavelength positions. In addition, FLAASH can correct images collected in either vertical (nadir) or slant-viewing geometries. FLAASH was developed by Spectral Sciences, Inc.
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Prepare ASTER Data
ENVI Tutorial: Using ASTER Data with FLAASH
1. From the ENVI main menu bar, selectFile > Open External File > EOS > ASTER. The Enter ASTER Filenames dialog appears. 2. Navigate toData\asterand selectAST_L1A.hdf. ClickOpen. Four groups of data appear in the Available Bands List: two groups of visible near-infrared (VNIR) data, one group of shortwave infrared (SWIR) data, and one group of thermal infrared (TIR) data. 3. ENVI automatically calibrates Level 1A data to radiance based on information on the HDF 2 attributes. The units of the output ASTER radiance are [W/(m • sr • μm)].
Coregister Data TheGeoreference ASTERtool is used to coregister the different ASTER bands, a step that is required before the data can be atmospherically corrected using FLAASH. Since the FLAASH model is only applicable to bands between 0.35 μm and 2.5 μm, do not use the TIR bands. Also, In FLAASH, all of the bands that you simultaneously correct in the same input image must have the same viewing geometry. Since Band 3B is a backward-viewing band, do not use this band. (You can correct Band 3B separately in FLAASH if necessary.) 1. From the ENVI main menu bar, selectMap > Georeference ASTER > Georeference Data. The Input ASTER Image dialog appears.
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ENVI Tutorial: Using ASTER Data with FLAASH
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The Input ASTER Image dialog lists four files with the same name. Click thefirstfile in the list; this is the VNIR data set with three bands. Verify that the wavelengths range from 0.556 μm to 0.807 μm. ClickOK. The Georeference ASTER Data dialog appears.
In the list of projections, selectGeographic Lat/Lon. Accept the default values for the other fields. You can select other projections, but you should use the same projection for the VNIR and SWIR datasets. You are not required to enter an output GCP filename. If you want to keep your GCPs, then you can enter a filename in the field provided.
ClickOK. The Registration Parameters dialog appears. Accept the default values for all fields, and chooseOutput Result to File. In theEnter Output Filenamefield, typevnir_georef. ClickOK. The Image Registration status dialog appears during processing. Repeat Steps 1-5 for the SWIR dataset. In the Input ASTER Image dialog, select thethirdAST_ L1A file in the list. (Verify the wavelengths range from 1.656 to 2.4 μm.) In the Registration Parameters dialog, enter an output filename ofswir_georef. The georeferenced VNIR and SWIR bands now appear in the Available Bands List. Their band names are preceded with "Warp."
Combine VNIR and SWIR Data The next step is to combine the georeferenced VNIR and SWIR datasets using ENVI's Layer Stacking tool, and to resample the SWIR dataset to 15 m resolution to match the resolution of the VNIR dataset. 1. From the ENVI main menu bar, selectBasic Tools > Layer Stacking. The Layer Stacking Parameters dialog appears. 2. ClickImport File. The Layer Stacking Input File dialog appears. 3. Selectvnir_georefand clickOK.
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ENVI Tutorial: Using ASTER Data with FLAASH
ClickImport Fileagain. The Layer Stacking Input File dialog appears. Selectswir_georefand clickOK. Make surevnir_georefis the top file. (Use theReorder Filesbutton and drag the filename to the top, if necessary, to change the order). Ensure that theInclusiveradio button is selected. Ensure that theOutput Map ProjectionisGeographic Lat/Lon. Accept the default values forX/Y Pixel SizeandResampling. In theEnter Output Filenamefield, typeaster_vnir_swir, and clickOK. After processing is complete, the combined data set appears in the Available Bands List. Band names are preceded with "Layer."
Convert Interleave FLAASH requires input files to be in BIL or BIP interleave. 1. From the ENVI main menu bar, selectBasic Tools > Convert Data (BSQ, BIL, BIP). The Convert File Input File dialog appears. 2. Select the combined VNIR/SWIR dataset (aster_vnir_swir) and clickOK. The Convert File Parameters dialog appears. 3. Select theBILradio button. Ensure theConvert In Placetoggle button is set toNo.
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ENVI Tutorial: Using ASTER Data with FLAASH
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In theEnter Output Filenamefield, typeaster_BILand clickOK. The ASTER data are now ready for input into FLAASH.
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Enter FLAASH Parameters
ENVI Tutorial: Using ASTER Data with FLAASH
1. From the ENVI main menu bar, selectSpectral > FLAASH. The FLAASH Atmospheric Correction Model Input Parameters dialog appears. 2. ClickInput Radiance Image. The FLAASH Input File dialog appears. 3. Selectaster_BILand clickOK. The Radiance Scale Factors dialog appears. The ASTER 2 2 radiance units are W/(m • μm • sr). FLAASH requires input radiance units of μW/( cm • nm • sr). 4. ClickUse single scale factor for all bands, and enter10.0for theSingle scale factor. ClickOK. 5. In the FLAASH dialog, clickOutput Reflectance File. The Select Output File dialog appears. Navigate to a directory where you want to save the output reflectance file, and specify an output filename. ClickOpen. 6. ClickOutput Directory for FLAASH Files. The Browse for Folder dialog appears. Navigate to a directory where you want to save the output files. ClickOK. 7. In theRootname for FLAASH Filesfield, enter a prefix to add to each FLAASH file produced during a single session. Do not include a directory path. The root name is the prefix appended to the output FLAASH filenames. ENVI automatically adds an underscore character to the rootname.
Scene and Sensor Information These fields help FLAASH determine where the sun was in the sky and the path of sunlight through the atmosphere to the ground and back to the sensor. 1. Click theSensor Typebutton and selectMultispectral > ASTER. The Sensor Altitude (km) value automatically changes to 705.000. 2. In thePixel Size (m)field, enter15.0. 3. TheGround Elevation (km)field is the average scene elevation in kilometers above sea level. You would normally research this prior to entering scene and sensor information for FLAASH. According to a DEM of this region, the average elevation is 2537 m (2.537 km). Enter a value of 2.537. If you are unsure of the values to enter forScene Center Location,Flight Date, and Flight Time GMT(if you are unfamiliar with the scene), you can locate them in the HDF metadata that accompany the ASTER file. 4. From the ENVI main menu bar, selectBasic Tools > Preprocessing > Data-Specific Utilities > View HDF Global Attributes. The Select Input HDF Filenames dialog appears. 5. Navigate toData\asterand selectAST_L1A.hdf. ClickOpen. The Global Attributes dialog appears. Note that the only way to browse the metadata is to scroll; you cannot search for specific fields. Saving the metadata to an ASCII file and opening it in a text editor will allow you to search specific field names. 6. From the Global Attributes dialog menu bar, selectFile > Save Text to ASCII. The Output Report Filename dialog appears. Navigate to your output directory and select an output filename. ClickOK. 7. Close the Global Attributes dialog. Open the ASCII metadata file in a text editor.
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ENVI Tutorial: Using ASTER Data with FLAASH
8. Search for "SCENECENTER" in the metadata. The latitude of the scene center is 38.290529 degrees, and the longitude is -105.637035 degrees. In the FLAASH dialog, click theDD <-> DMStoggle button. Enter these values in theLatandLonfields of the FLAASH dialog, respectively. Be sure to include the minus (-) sign to indicate the Western hemisphere.
9. Search for "SINGLEDATETIME" in the metadata. This field lists the day and time of data acquisition for the data file. The date is 20000601, and the time of day is 181651033000Z. Enter June 1, 2000in theFlight Datefield, and enter18:16:51 GMTin theFlight Time GMT (HH:MM:SS)field.
Select Atmospheric Model Settings Use theAtmospheric Modeldrop-down list to choose one of the standard MODTRAN model atmospheres. For the best results, select a model whose standard column water vapor amount is similar to, or somewhat greater than, that expected for the scene. The following table lists the standard column water vapor amounts (from sea level to space) for each model atmosphere.
Model Atmosphere
Sub-Arctic Winter (SAW) Mid-Latitude Winter (MLW) U.S. Standard (US) Sub-Arctic Summer (SAS) Mid-Latitude Summer (MLS)
Water Vapor (std atm-cm) 518 1060 1762 2589 3636
Water Vapor 2 (g/cm ) 0.42 0.85 1.42 2.08 2.92
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Surface Air Temperature
-16° C or 3° F -1° C or 30° F 15° C or 59° F 14° C or 57° F 21° C or 70° F
Model Atmosphere
Tropical (T)
Water Vapor (std atm-cm) 5119
ENVI Tutorial: Using ASTER Data with FLAASH
Water Vapor 2 (g/cm ) 4.11
Surface Air Temperature
27° C or 80° F
1. The ASTER scene used in this tutorial is in south-central Colorado, so selectU.S. Standardfrom theAtmospheric Modeldrop-down list. 2. TheWater Retrievaltoggle button is greyed out because this is not an option with ASTER data. You will use a constant column water vapor amount for all pixels in the image. Leave the default value of1.0in theWater Column Multiplierfield.
Select Aerosol Model Settings TheAerosol Modeldrop-down list has the following options. The choice of model is not critical if the visibility is high (for example, greater than 40 km). Rural:Represents aerosols in areas not strongly affected by urban or industrial sources. The l particle sizes are a blend of two distributions: one large and one small. Urban:A mixture of 80% rural aerosol with 20% soot-like aerosols, appropriate for high-density l urban/industrial areas. Maritime:Represents the boundary layer over oceans, or continents under a prevailing wind from l the ocean. It is composed of two components, one from sea spray and another from rural continental aerosol (that omits the largest particles). Tropospheric:Applies to calm, clear (visibility greater than 40 km) conditions over land and l consists of the small-particle component of the rural model. 1. From theAerosol Modeldrop-down list, selectRural. This particular ASTER scene is centered in a mountainous area that is not strongly affected by urban or industrial sources. 2. From theAerosol Retrievaldrop-down list, selectNone. It is not recommended to retrieve the visibility (aerosol) with ASTER data. While ASTER bands cover the region required for the dark-land pixel-retrieval method, the bandwidth for Band 2 is fairly wide (60 nm) and will likely include the vegetation red edge, which could significantly bias the visibility estimate. 3. TheInitial Visibility (km)value is assumed for the atmospheric correction if the aerosol is not being retrieved. The following table lists approximate values based on weather conditions:
Weather Condition Clear Moderate Haze Thick Haze
Scene Visibility 40 to 100 km 20 to 30 km 15 km or less
Leave the default value of40.00forInitial Visibility (km).
Run FLASSH The FLAASH Atmospheric Correction Model Input Parameters dialog should similar to the following:
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ENVI Tutorial: Using ASTER Data with FLAASH
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TheMultispectral Settingsbutton is only used to select specific bands for water and aerosol retrieval. Since you are not retrieving any of these with ASTER data, you do not need to click Multispectral Settings. For this tutorial, you will not use theAdvanced Settings,Save, orRestorebuttons. In the FLAASH Atmospheric Model Input Parameters dialog, clickApplyto begin the FLAASH processing. You may cancel the processing at any point, but be aware that there are some FLAASH processing steps that cannot be interrupted, so the response to theCancelbutton may not be immediate. When FLAASH processing is complete, the output reflectance image appears in the Available Bands List. You should also find the journal file and the template file in the FLAASH output directory. ClickCancelin the FLAASH Atmospheric Correction Model Input Parameters dialog. Examine and close the FLAASH Atmospheric Correction Results dialog.
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