Population genetics and phylogeography of European red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von San San Hmwe

Population Genetics and Phylogeography of European Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) and Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel vorgelegt von San San Hmwe Kiel 2005 TO MY PARENTS Referent: …………………………………………………….…. Korreferent: ………………………………………..………….… Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: ………………………………….. Zum Druck genehmigt: Kiel,den……………………..…………. CONTENTS Page I. GENRAL INTRODUCTION 1 I . I. R ED DEER AND ROE DEER OCCURRENCE IN EUROPE 1 I . II. M ARKER SYSTEMS IN MOLECULAR POPULATION ENETICS 4 I. I. Alozymes 5 I. I. Microsatelit I. II. III. Mitochondrial control region 7 I. III. CONSERVATION GENETIC AND PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF RED DEER 8 I. III.I. Conservation genetics 8 I. III. II. Phylogeography 11 I. IV. INBREEDING AND HABITAT FRAGMENTATION IN RED DEER 12 I. V. Inbreding 12 I. IV. II. Habitat fragmentation 14 I. V. Comparison of different markers and genetic differentiation in roe deer 16 STUDY A: 18 Conservation genetics of the endangered red deer from Sardinia and Mesola with further remarks on the phylogeography of Cervus elaphus corsicanus 18 1. INTRODUCTION 18 1. 2.