Polar and spinor gases in 1D optical lattices [Elektronische Ressource] / Arturo Argüelles

Polar and Spinor Gases in 1D Optical LatticesVon der Fakult¨at f¨ur Mathematik und Physik derGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universit¨at Hannoverzur Erlangung des GradesDoktor der Naturwissenschaften- Dr. rer. nat. -genehmigte Dissertation vonM.Sc. Arturo Arg¨uellesgeboren am 28. Februar 1978 in Bogot´a, Kolumbien2011iiReferent : Prof. Dr. Luis SantosKoreferent : Prof. Dr. Temo VekuaTag der Promotion : 28.01.2011iii...to my beloved wife, Karen.ivAbstractUltracold quantum gases are manipulable and robust systems for probingfundamental condensed-matter physics problems, for applications in quan-[1]tum optics and quantum information , and for understanding atomic and[2]molecular physics . Loading ultracold quantum gases in artificial periodicpotentials of light (optical lattices), opened novel control possibilities and, inmany cases, lead to structures beyond those achievable in typical condensed-[3]matter systems . One highlight was the observation of the Mott insulator to[4–6] [7]superfluid transition where strong correlation effects can be observed .Ultracold quantum gases in optical lattices are also viewed as quantum sim-[8]ulators since certain important Hamiltonians, which serve as a model fortesting fundamental theoretical concepts of quantum many-body effects, canbe accessed cleanly by optical manipulation.