Point defects in carbon nanostructures studied by in-situ electron microscopy [Elektronische Ressource] / Yanjie Gan

Point Defects in Carbon Nanostructures Studied by in-situ Electron Microscopy Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades “Doktor der Naturwissenschaften” im Promotionsfach Chemie Am Fachbereich Chemie, Pharmazie und Geowissenschaften der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Yanjie Gan geb. in Anhui Province / V. R. China Mainz, 2008 Contents 1 Introduction ..………………………...….…………………………………………1 1.1 Irradiation Effects ……..…………...………………..………………………...3 1.2 Defects ...............................................................................................................7 1.2.1 Classifying of Defects ............................................................................7 1.2.2 Evolution of Defects ………….……..………………..………………..8 1.3 Diffusion ....…………………...…...………………..………………..……….9 1.4 Motivation ……………………...……...……………..……………………...11 2 Carbon Nanostructures .…...………………..…………..……………..………....13 2.1 The Structures ………………………... ………...…………...……………...13 2.1.1 Diamond and Graphite ………….……………...……………………..13 2.1.2 Two-Dimensional Graphene …….……...…..…………….…………..14 2.1.3 Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanoparticles ………………....….…..…..16 2.1.3.1 Fullerenes …………...….…………. ..….….…………….….16 2.1.3.2 Carbon Onions .………………………..………………….….16 2.1.4 One-Dimensional Carbon Nanotubes …………………...……………17 2.2 Irradiation Effects in Carbon Nanostructures ……………...……...………...20 2.2.1 Graphite ………..………….…………………………..…..………….20 2.2.