Ozone exposure, vitamin C intake, and genetic susceptibility of asthmatic children in Mexico City: a cohort study
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2013
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2013
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We previously reported that asthmatic children with GSTM1 null genotype may be more susceptible to the acute effect of ozone on the small airways and might benefit from antioxidant supplementation. This study aims to assess the acute effect of ozone on lung function (FEF 25-75 ) in asthmatic children according to dietary intake of vitamin C and the number of putative risk alleles in three antioxidant genes: GSTM1 , GSTP1 (rs1695), and NQO1 (rs1800566). Methods 257 asthmatic children from two cohort studies conducted in Mexico City were included. Stratified linear mixed models with random intercepts and random slopes on ozone were used. Potential confounding by ethnicity was assessed. Analyses were conducted under single gene and genotype score approaches. Results The change in FEF 25-75 per interquartile range (60 ppb) of ozone in persistent asthmatic children with low vitamin C intake and GSTM1 null was −91.2 ml/s (p = 0.06). Persistent asthmatic children with 4 to 6 risk alleles and low vitamin C intake showed an average decrement in FEF 25-75 of 97.2 ml/s per 60 ppb of ozone (p = 0.03). In contrast in children with 1 to 3 risk alleles, acute effects of ozone on FEF 25-75 did not differ by vitamin C intake. Conclusions Our results provide further evidence that asthmatic children predicted to have compromised antioxidant defense by virtue of genetic susceptibility combined with deficient antioxidant intake may be at increased risk of adverse effects of ozone on pulmonary function.
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MorenoMacíaset al. Respiratory Research2013,14:14 http://respiratoryresearch.com/content/14/1/14
R E S E A R C H
Open Access
Ozone exposure, vitamin C intake, and genetic susceptibility of asthmatic children in Mexico City: a cohort study 1* 2 2 2 3 Hortensia MorenoMacías , Douglas W Dockery , Joel Schwartz , Diane R Gold , Nan M Laird , 4 4 5 6 7 Juan J SienraMonge , Blanca E Del RíoNavarro , Matiana RamírezAguilar , Albino BarrazaVillarreal , Huiling Li , 7†8† Stephanie J London and Isabelle Romieu
Abstract Background:We previously reported that asthmatic children withGSTM1null genotype may be more susceptible to the acute effect of ozone on the small airways and might benefit from antioxidant supplementation. This study aims to assess the acute effect of ozone on lung function (FEF2575) in asthmatic children according to dietary intake of vitamin C and the number of putative risk alleles in three antioxidant genes:GSTM1,GSTP1(rs1695), and NQO1(rs1800566). Methods:257 asthmatic children from two cohort studies conducted in Mexico City were included. Stratified linear mixed models with random intercepts and random slopes on ozone were used. Potential confounding by ethnicity was assessed. Analyses were conducted under single gene and genotype score approaches. Results:The change in FEF2575per interquartile range (60 ppb) of ozone in persistent asthmatic children with low vitamin C intake andGSTM1null was−91.2 ml/s (p = 0.06). Persistent asthmatic children with 4 to 6 risk alleles and low vitamin C intake showed an average decrement in FEF2575of 97.2 ml/s per 60 ppb of ozone (p In= 0.03). contrast in children with 1 to 3 risk alleles, acute effects of ozone on FEF2575did not differ by vitamin C intake. Conclusions:Our results provide further evidence that asthmatic children predicted to have compromised antioxidant defense by virtue of genetic susceptibility combined with deficient antioxidant intake may be at increased risk of adverse effects of ozone on pulmonary function. Keywords:Air pollution, Asthmatic children, Antioxidant genes, Mexico City, Vitamin C
Background Ozone is a potent oxidant that easily reaches the lung lining a fluid compartment [1] providing an additional source of reactive oxygen species and causing, among other out comes, reversible declines in lung function [2]. Vitamin C is an exogenous nonenzymatic antioxidant that participates in the primary lung defense against reactive oxygen species [3]. Several epidemiological studies have suggested that a diet rich in antioxidants may lessen the effect of ozone on respiratory health of susceptible populations [4,5].
* Correspondence: hmm@xanum.uam.mx † Equal contributors 1 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, edificio H001, Col. Vicentina, 09430, D F, México City, Mexico Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
With respect to genetics, epidemiological studies have shown that the effect of ozone on the respiratory health of asthmatic children may be modulated by the functional genetic polymorphisms of antioxidant genes such as Glutathione Stransferase(GST)M1, (GST)P1, andNQO1 [6,7]. These genes code for phase II xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes that participate in the intracellular defense against oxidative stress. They are members of the Nrf2 pathway, responsible for the expression of enzymes that conjugate and inactivate reactive oxygen species [8]. In a randomized controlled trial of antioxidant supple mentation (vitamin C and E) among asthmatic children in Mexico City, we reported that children in the placebo group withGSTM1null genotype may be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of ozone on lung function than
© 2013 MorenoMacías et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
