Modeling of deep-convective transport of forest fire smoke into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Gunnar G. Luderer

Modeling of Deep-ConvectiveTransport of Forest Fire Smokeinto the Upper Troposphereand Lower StratosphereDissertationzur Erlangung des Grades“Doktor der Naturwissenschaften”am Fachbereich Physikder Johannes Gutenberg-Universit¨at Mainzvorgelegt vonGunnar G. Luderergeboren in Rottenburg-WendelsheimMainzJuli 2007Tag der mundlic¨ hen Prufung¨ : 19. September 2007iiiAbstractDeepconvectionbypyro-cumulonimbusclouds(pyroCb)cantransportlargeamountsof forest fire smoke into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Here, re-sults from numerical simulations of such deep convective smoke transport are pre-sented. The structure, shape and injection height of the pyroCb simulated for aspecific case study are in good agreement with observations. The model resultsconfirmthatsubstantialamountsofsmokeareinjectedintothelowerstratosphere.Small-scale mixing processes at the cloud top result in a significant enhancementof smoke injection into the stratosphere.Sensitivity studies show that the release of sensible heat by the fire plays animportant role for the dynamics of the pyroCb. Furthermore, the convection isfound to be very sensitive to background meteorological conditions. While theabundance of aerosol particles acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) has astrong influence on the microphysical structure of the pyroCb, the CCN effect onthe convective dynamics is rather weak. The release of latent heat dominates theoverallenergybudgetofthepyroCb.