Lesson: JDBC Basics
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JDBC BasicsTMThe Java Tutorial Search Start of Tutorial > Start of Trail Feedback Form Trail: JDBC(TM) Database Access Lesson: JDBC Basics In this lesson you will learn the basics of the JDBC API. We start by giving you set up instructions in Getting Started , Setting Up a Database , and Establishing a Connection . The next sections discuss how to create and update tables, use joins, transactions and stored procedures. The final sections give instructions on how to complete your JDBC application and how to convert it to an applet. This lesson covers the JDBC 1.0 API, which is included in JDK tm 1.1, and note where procedures have changed in JDBC 2.0, which is included in JDK 1.2. For coverage of JDBC 2.0 and more advanced features, see the next lesson, New Features in the JDBC 2.0 API. Note: Most JDBC drivers available at the time of this printing are for JDBC 1.0. More drivers will become available for JDBC 2.0 as it gains wider acceptance.Getting Started Setting Up a Database Establishing a Connection Setting Up Tables Retrieving Values from Result Sets Updating Tables Milestone: The Basics of JDBC http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jdbc/basics/index.html (1 of 2) [3/1/2004 12:14:15 AM] JDBC BasicsUsing Prepared Statements Using Joins Using Transactions Stored Procedures SQL Statements for Creating a Stored Procedure Creating Complete JDBC Applications Running the Sample Applications Creating an Applet from an Application ...
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Note:the time of this printing are for JDBC Most JDBC drivers available at 1.0. More drivers will become available for JDBC 2.0 as it gains wider acceptance.
This lesson covers the JDBC 1.0 API, which is included in JDKtm1.1, and note where procedures have changed in JDBC 2.0, which is included in JDK 1.2. For coverage of JDBC 2.0 and more advanced features, see the next lesson,New Features in the JDBC 2.0 API.
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In this lesson you will learn the basics of the JDBC API. We start by giving you set up instructions inGetting Started,Setting Up a Database, andEstablishing a Connection. The next sections discuss how to create and update tables, use joins, transactions and stored procedures. The final sections give instructions on how to complete your JDBC application and how to convert it to an applet.
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The first thing you need to do is check that you are set up properly. This involves the following steps:
To install both the Javatmplatform and the JDBC API, simply follow the instructions for downloading the latest release of the JDKtm(Java Development Kittm). When you download the JDK, you will get JDBC as well. The sample code demonstrating the JDBC 1.0 API was written for JDK1.1 and will run on any version of the Java platform that is compatible with JDK1.1, including JDK1.2. Note that the sample code illustrating the JDBC 2.0 API requires JDK1.2 and will not run on JDK1.1.
1. Install Java and JDBC on your machine.
Your driver should include instructions for installing it. For JDBC drivers written for specific DBMSs, installation consists of just copying the driver onto your machine; there is no special configuration needed.
2. Install a driver on your machine.
The JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver is not quite as easy to set up. If you download either the Solaris or Windows versions of JDK1.1, you will automatically get the JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver, which does not itself require any special configuration. ODBC, however, does. If you do not already have ODBC on your machine, you will need to see your ODBC driver vendor for information on installation and configuration.
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You can find the latest release (JDK1.2 at the time of this writing) at the following URL:
http://java.sun.com/products/JDK/CurrentRelease
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Copyright1995-2003 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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If you do not already have a DBMS installed, you will need to follow the vendor's instructions for installation. Most users will have a DBMS installed and will be working with an established database.
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First we will show you how to open a connection with your DBMS, and then, since what JDBC does is to send your SQL code to your DBMS, we will demonstrate some SQL code. After that, we will show you how easy it is to use JDBC to pass these SQL statements to your DBMS and process the results that are returned.
Suppose that our sample database is being used by the proprietor of a small coffee house called The Coffee Break, where coffee beans are sold by the pound and brewed coffee is sold by the cup. To keep things simple, also suppose that the proprietor needs only two tables, one for types of coffee and one for coffee suppliers.
We will assume that the databaseCOFFEEBREAKalready exists. (Creating a database is not at all difficult, but it requires special permissions and is normally done by a database administrator.) When you create the tables used as examples in this tutorial, they will be in the default database. We purposely kept the size and number of tables small to keep things manageable.
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This code has been tested on most of the major DBMS products. However, you may encounter some compatibility problems using it with older ODBC drivers with the JDBC-ODBC Bridge.
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You do not need to create an instance of a driver and register it with theevirDreganaMrbecause callingssf.CalemroaNdo that for you automatically. If you were to create your ownwill instance, you would be creating an unnecessary duplicate, but it would do no harm.
When you have loaded a driver, it is available for making a connection with a DBMS.
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "myLogin", "myPassword");
This step is also simple, with the hardest thing being what to supply forurl. If you are using the JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver, the JDBC URL will start withc:dbj:bcod. The rest of the URL is generally your data source name or database system. So, if you are using ODBC to access an ODBC data source called "Fred," for example, your JDBC URL could bede:crF:odbjdbc. In place of " minogyL" you put the name you use to log in to the DBMS; in place of "saPyrowsd m" you put your password for the DBMS. So if you log in to your DBMS with a login name of " Fernanda" and a password of "J8," just these two lines of code will establish a connection:
Class.forName("jdbc.DriverXYZ");
Your driver documentation will give you the class name to use. For instance, if the class name is jdbc.DriverXYZ, you would load the driver with the following line of code:
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
Loading the driver or drivers you want to use is very simple and involves just one line of code. If, for example, you want to use the JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver, the following code will load it:
The second step in establishing a connection is to have the appropriate driver connect to the DBMS. The following line of code illustrates the general idea:
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If one of the drivers you loaded recognizes the JDBC URL supplied to the method DriverManager.getConnection, that driver will establish a connection to the DBMS specified in the JDBC URL. TheivDrMaergenarclass, true to its name, manages all of the details of establishing the connection for you behind the scenes. Unless you are writing a driver, you will probably never use any of the methods in the interfaceriDrve, and the onlyirevDagerrMan method you really need to know isDirevitcenoet.gnnCoanrMerag. The connection returned by the methodrDnoitcennotCger.genaMaerivis an open connection you can use to create JDBC statements that pass your SQL statements to the DBMS. In the previous example,conwe will use it in the examples that follow.is an open connection, and
String url = jdbc:odbc:Fred"; " Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "Fernanda", "J8"); If you are using a JDBC driver developed by a third party, the documentation will tell you what subprotocol to use, that is, what to put afterjdbc:URL. For example, if the driverin the JDBC developer has registered the name acme as the subprotocol, the first and second parts of the JDBC URL will be:emca:cbdj. The driver documentation will also give you guidelines for the rest of the JDBC URL. This last part of the JDBC URL supplies information for identifying the data source.
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The column storing the coffee name isCOF_NAME,and it holds values with an SQL type ofVARCHARand a maximum length of 32 characters. Since we will use different names for each type of coffee sold, the name will uniquely identify a particular coffee and can therefore serve as the primary ey. Th column, namedS _ k e secondUP ID, will hold a number that identifies the coffee supplier; this number will be of SQL typeINTEGER. The third column, calledPRICE,stores values with an SQL type ofFLOATbecause it needs to hold values with decimal points. (Note that money values would normally be
First, we will create one of the tables in our example database. This table,COFFEES, contains the essential information about the coffees sold at The Coffee Break, including the coffee names, their prices, the number of pounds sold the current week, and the number of pounds sold to date. The tableCOFFEES, which we describe in more detail later, is shown here:
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9.99 0
_ _ French Roast Decaf49
8.99 0
0
_ Colombian Decaf
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